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Cosmology > Cosmology > Flashcards

Cosmology Flashcards

1
Q

Star

A

Giant balls of hot gas that are mostly hydrogen and helium. Not static
and change over time

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2
Q

Star Clusters

A

Groups of stars held together by the mutual gravitational attraction of each star

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3
Q

Galaxy

A

A huge star cluster, along with interstellar gas, dust and dark matter

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4
Q

What two measurements used to measure distance

A

Light years and parsecs

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5
Q

Two ways to measure brightness

A

Apparent magnitude and Absolute magnitude(10 parsecs)

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6
Q

What is a spectroscopy for?

A

Used to determine elements present in stars. Spectrometer used to split light into wavelengths and these of visible light indicate different elements

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7
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

When two hydrogen isotopes fuse to form a helium atom

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8
Q

How is a star structure determined

A

By the balance between the inwards force of gravity and the outwards force of radiation. Each star has a different balance point depending on its size

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9
Q

Nebula

A

A cloud of interstellar dust, hydrogen and plasma. (All stars form from a nebula)

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10
Q

Protostar

A

A collapsing cloud of gas that will eventually become a star

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11
Q

H-R Diagram

A

Shows the relationship between magnitude and temperature and what group a star is in

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12
Q

Main sequence stars

A

a group of stars lying on a line running from the top left to bottom right. These of which undergo fusion of hydrogen into helium in their core and these stars are relatively stable

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13
Q

Medium mass stars

A

These include red giants, planetary nebulas, white dwarf and black dwarfs.

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14
Q

High mass stars

A

These include Supernovas, neutron stars, nebulas and black holes

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15
Q

Red giant

A

Astar produced when the core of a sun-sized star runs out of hydrogen

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16
Q

Planetary nebula

A

A cloud of gas produced when a red giant runs out of fuel

17
Q

White dwarf

A

Hot, dense star that is the remains of a red giant. Left over centre of an older star

18
Q

Black dwarf

A

Cold, dark remains of a white dwarf in theory

19
Q

Supernova

A

A giant explosion that occurs when a star many times larger than the sun runs out of nuclear fuel

20
Q

Neutron star

A

Remnant of a supernova, consisting entirely of neutrons

21
Q

Nebula

A

A cloud of interstellar dust, hydrogen and plasma

22
Q

Black hole

A

A collapsed star so massive that not even light can escape from its gravitational field

23
Q

Supergiant

A

Are heavier stars that have greater gravity which compresses the core and makes nuclear fusion occur more rapidly, making them hotter, brighter and have a shorter light cycle

24
Q

Galaxy formation

A

Galaxies are formed out of immense clouds of gas and dust that collapse under their gravitational pull. Many small lumps of matter clumped together to form a galaxy

25
Q

What are the two theories of the universe

A

The steady-state model and the Big Bang theory

26
Q

The steady state model

A

This model states the universe is infinite and has always existed in the same form and the universe doesn’t evolve or change over time

27
Q

The Big Bang theory

A

This model states that the universe expanded from a single point to the infinite space it is today. The entire mass of the universe was compressed into a super hot dense ball and it is still expanding today

28
Q

What is evidence to support the steady state model

A

Galaxies are spread relatively evenly across the sky

29
Q

Evidence to support the big bang theory

A

The red shift, cosmic background radiation and abundance of elements

30
Q

The redshift

A

As stars move away from us, the light waves are lengthened. Objects seem redder than they are

31
Q

Cosmic microwave background radiation

A

In 1965 two American astronomers discovered a low frequency background radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky (afterglow)

32
Q

Abundance of elements

A

The levels of specific elements predicted in the bang correlate with levels of these elements in the universe

33
Q

How old is the universe

A

13.7 billion years old

Cosmology (1 decks)

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