COSC 65 - Architecture and Organization

Question 1

Refers to those attributes of the system that are visible to the software programmer and have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program

Answer 1

Computer Architecture

Question 2

Contains hardware components that are used for building the system.

Answer 2

System Design

Question 3

Includes all the instructions provided to the computer system.

Answer 3

Instruction Set Architecture

Question 4

Give minute detail about storage element

Answer 4

Micro Architecture

Question 5

Refers to the way the various components of a computer system are interconnected and work together to perform tasks and execute programs.

Answer 5

Computer Organization

Question 6

Primary elements which make the functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster.

Answer 6

Components of a Computer

Question 7

5 Basic Components

Answer 7

• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory Unit
• Control Unit
• Arithmetic and Logical Unit

Question 8

A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device.

Answer 8

Input Unit

Question 9

When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action performed and gives us a result.

Answer 9

Output Unit

Question 10

When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered information immediately gets saved in the ________ of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

Answer 10

Memory Unit

Question 11

This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer device.

Answer 11

Control Unit

Question 12

All the mathematical calculations or arithmetic operations performed in a computer.

Answer 12

Arithmetical and Logical Unit

Question 13

Part of the abstract model of a computer that defines how the CPU is controlled by the software.

Answer 13

Instruction Set Architecture

Question 14

Interface between the hardware and the software, specifying both what the processor is capable of doing as well as how it gets done.

Answer 14

Instruction Set Architecture

Question 15

It encompasses all the information necessary for programmers to write a machine language program that will run correctly

Answer 15

ISA

Question 16

It allows computer designer to talk about the functions independently from the hardware that perform them.

Answer 16

ISA

Question 17

A microprocessor architecture with a simple collection and highly customized set of instructions.

Answer 17

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor (RISC)

Question 18

It is built to minimize the instruction execution time by optimizing and limiting the number of instructions.

Answer 18

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor (RISC)

Question 19

Used to perform various complex instructions by combining them into simpler ones.

Answer 19

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor (RISC)

Question 20

It is developed by the Intel. It has a large collection of complex instructions that range from simple to very complex and specialized in the assembly language level, which takes a long time to execute the instructions.

Answer 20

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)

Question 21

These are tiny, lightning-fast memory units inside the CPU. They store data temporarily during processing, making instructions run smoothly and managing data efficiently within the CPU.

Answer 21

Registers

Question 22

Keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed.

Answer 22

Program Counter

Question 23

Holds the currently fetched instruction being executed by the CPU.

Answer 23

Instruction Register

Question 24

Stores the memory address that is to be accessed for reading or writing data.

Answer 24

Memory Address Register

Question 25

Holds the data retrieved from memory or the data to be written to memory.

Answer 25

Memory Data Register

Question 26

Stores the result of arithmetic and logic operations performed by the CPU.

Answer 26

Accumulator

Question 27

It is a super-fast memory that stores frequently used data from main memory.

Answer 27

Cache memory

Question 28

Maps each block of main memory into only one possible cache line.

Answer 28

Direct Mapping

Question 29

It is used to store the content and addresses of the memory word

Answer 29

Associative Mapping

Question 30

It is an enhanced form of direct mapping where the drawbacks of direct mapping are removed.

Answer 30

Set-Associative Mapping

Question 31

Three types of Cache Mapping

Answer 31

Direct, Associative, Set-Associative

Question 32

It is a crucial part of modern computers that stores programs and information for the processor to use.

Answer 32

Main Memory / RAM

Question 33

Types of Main Memory

Answer 33

Static, Dynamic

Question 34

It is a small but extremely fast type of memory that stores frequently accessed data.

Answer 34

Static Memory

Question 35

It is used as the main memory in most computers and mobile devices because of its high density and lower cost per bit.

Answer 35

Dynamic RAM

Question 36

This includes hard disk drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD), is a type of non-volatile memory that has a much larger storage capacity than main memory.

Answer 36

Secondary storage

Question 37

It is a way of organizing computer memory in a hierarchical manner, with different levels of memory having varying levels of speed, capacity, and cost.

Answer 37

Memory Hierarchy

Question 38

A technique that allows a processor to execute multiple instructions at the same time, by breaking them down into smaller steps.

Answer 38

Pipelining

Question 39

In this stage the CPU reads instructions from the address in the memory whose value is present in the program counter.

Answer 39

Stage 1 (Instruction Fetch)

Question 40

In this stage, memory operands are read and written from/to the memory that is present in the instruction.

Answer 40

Stage 4 (Memory Access)

Question 41

In this stage, ALU operations are performed.

Answer 41

Stage 3 (Instruction Execute)

Question 42

In this stage, instruction is decoded and the register file is accessed to get the values from the registers used in the instruction.

Answer 42

Stage 2 (Instruction Decode)

Question 43

In this stage, computed/fetched value is written back to the register present in the instructions.

Answer 43

Stage 5 (Write Back)

Question 44

It represents the stages in which an instruction is moved through the various segments of the processor, starting from fetching and then buffering, decoding and executing.

Answer 44

Instruction pipeline

Question 45

It represents the parts of an arithmetic operation that can be broken down and overlapped as they are performed.

Answer 45

Arithmetic pipeline

Question 46

It emphasizes to build complex instructions directly in the hardware because the hardware is always faster than software.

Answer 46

Complex Instruction Set Computer

Question 47

It require several transistors, making it cheaper to design and reduce the execution time for instruction.

Answer 47

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor

Question 48

A microprocessor architecture with a simple collection and highly customized set of instructions. It is built to minimize the instruction execution time by optimizing and limiting the number of instructions.

Answer 48

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor

Question 49

RISC Three (3) Parameters

Answer 49

Fetch, Decode, Execute

Question 50

Give 5 Registers

Answer 50

Program Counter, Instruction Register, Memory Address Register, Memory Data Register, Accumulator