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Chemistry IGCSE > Cosas Que Tengo Que Saber > Flashcards

Cosas Que Tengo Que Saber Flashcards

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1
Q

State what is meant by the term electrolysis?

A

Breakdown of an ionic compound molten or dissolved using electricity

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2
Q

State what is meant by the term equilibrium?

A

When the rate of both the forward and backwards reaction are equal and the reaction is happening at a constant concentration

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3
Q

Give the name used to describe a “family” of similar compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical properties and the same functional group.

A

Hermologous series

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4
Q

State the colour change observed when propane is added to aqueous bromine

A

From orange to colourless

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5
Q

Describe a test for oxygen

A

Test: glowing splint
Observations: It relights

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6
Q

Describe a test for hydrogen

A

Test: put a lit splint
Observations: it will make a squeaky pop

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7
Q

Test for chlorine gas

A

Test: damp blue litmus paper
Observations: bleaches

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8
Q

Test for carbon dioxide

A

Test: limewater
Observations: turns cloudy white and milky

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9
Q

Test for ammonia

A

Test: damp red litmus paper
Observations: turns blue

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10
Q

General formula of carboxylic acids

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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11
Q

General formula of alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

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12
Q

General formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

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13
Q

General formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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14
Q

Test for sulphur dioxide

A

Turns acidified aqueous potassium manganate from purple to colourless

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15
Q

State the meaning of the term base

A

Proton acceptor

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16
Q

State the meaning for the term acid

A

Proton donor

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17
Q

State what is meant by the term catalyst

A

Something that speed up the rate of reaction without being used up

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18
Q

State general characteristics of hermologous series

A
  • general formula
  • chemical properties
  • functional group
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19
Q

Ionic bond

A

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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20
Q

Avogadros number

A

6.02 x 10^23

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21
Q

Mass=

A

Mr x mol

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22
Q

Percentage yield=

A

Actual yield over theoretical yield x 100

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23
Q

Number of moles (vol, conc)

A

volume of solution x Concentration (in mol/dm^3)

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24
Q

Volume of a gas (dm^3) =

A

Moles of gas x 24

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25
Q

Percentage purity =

A

Pure yield/ total impure yield x100

26
Q

Percentage composition by mass =

A

Mr of element that is asked/ mr of total compound x100

27
Q

Electroplating:

A

Anode: metal
Cathode: object
Electrolyte: contains metal ions of the metal you are plating (eg silver nitrate)

28
Q

Exothermic reactions

A

More energy is needed to make the bonds in the products than to break the bonds in the reactants

29
Q

Endothermic

A

More energy is needed to break the bonds in the reactants than is to make the bonds in the products

30
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur

31
Q

Redox is

A

When oxidation and reduction occur at the same time

32
Q

Reducing agents

A

Cause other substances to be reduced, therefore they themselves are oxidised

33
Q

Oxidising agents

A

Cause other substances to oxidise, therefore they themselves are reduced

34
Q

Group 1 metals are called

A

Alkali metals

35
Q

Group 7 elements are called

A

Halogens

36
Q

Fluorine is a

A

Yellow gas

37
Q

Chlorine is a

A

Green gas

38
Q

Bromine is a

A

Red/brown liquid

39
Q

Iodine is a

A

Grey solid

40
Q

Sublimation

A

When a solid turns directly into a gas

41
Q

Where does carbon dioxide come from

A

Complete combustion of fuels (plentiful O2)

42
Q

Where does carbon monoxide come from

A

Incomplete combustion of fuels (insufficient O2)

43
Q

Where does methane come from

A
  • waste gases from digestion of animals
  • decomposition of vegetation
44
Q

Where do oxides of nitrogen come from

A

-high temp in car engines cause O2 and N2 to react

45
Q

Where does sulfur dioxide come from

A

Sulfur impurities in crude oil

46
Q

Consequences of carbon dioxide

A

-enhanced greenhouse effect -> global warming -> climate change + extinction of species

47
Q

Consequences of methane

A

-enhanced greenhouse effect -> global warming -> climate change + extinction of species

48
Q

Consequences of carbon monoxide

A

Toxic gas
-> combines irreversibly with red blood cells

49
Q

Consequences of oxides of nitrogen

A

-acid rain
-respiratory problems
-photochemical smog

50
Q

Consequences of sulfur dioxide

A

-acid rain

51
Q

Consequences of particulates

A
  • respiratory problems + cancer
52
Q

Use of alcohols

A

-alcoholic drinks
-perfumes (they are good solvents)
-fuels

53
Q

Rf value=

A

Distance traveled by component/ distance traveled by solvent

54
Q

Define a Redox reaction

A

Where oxidation and reduction occur at the same time

55
Q

State how a student knows that a suitable number of results have been obtained

A

When he has obtained at least 2 results that are within 0.2 or less

56
Q

State observations that indicate that ……………. Is in excess

A
  • no more ……………. Can dissolve
  • no more bubbles
57
Q

Give a reason why the rate of reaction increases when using powder

A

Because tha powder has a larger surface area, therefore more area is able to react at the same time so there are more collisions per unit time so there is an increase in rate of reaction

58
Q

State differences in the physical properties of group 1 elements and transition metals

A
  • group 1 elements have lower melting points
    -group 1 metals are softer
    -transition metals are denser
59
Q

Explain why chlorine does not react with aqueous sodium fluoride

A

Because fluorine is more reactive than chlorine

60
Q

Suggest why …………. Might be done in an atmosphere of argon and not in air.

A

Reacts with oxygen and argon is inert

61
Q

Explain how this chemical equation shows that ……………. Is acting as a reducing agent

A

………………. is oxidised

62
Q

Reaction of metal and water

A

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide +hydrogen

Chemistry IGCSE (4 decks)

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