Cortright-Chapter 1

Question 1

What are some of the charges against pacifism?

Answer 1

cowardly, unwilling to fight for what is right, lack of patriotism, nonviolent social change

Question 2

When did the study of peace emerge?

Answer 2

not until recent decades- after WW2 (1957 and 1964)

Question 3

When did peace movements as we understand them first come into existence?

Answer 3

20th century

Question 4

What are New Wars?

Answer 4

intrastate wars- war amongst the people, not so much interstate war because of buildup of modern weaponry and development of independent nations in Europe where war once was, new wars= terror, ethnic cleansing, genocide, target civilians

Question 5

What is the percentage of civilian casualties in New Wars?

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

What is the difference between negative and positive peace?

Answer 6

negative-absence of war

positive-presence of justice and transcending consequences when something goes wrong

Question 7

Vulnerability

Answer 7

Cultural understanding: the sense of being open/exposed to harm.

Question 8

Security - Old understanding

Answer 8

all about national security in terms of mainly external and mainly military threats.

Question 9

Security - Evolving understanding

Answer 9

human security’ which encompasses environmental, political, economic, humanitarian, social and military. This deals with both internal and global/transnational threats and consequences.