Cortical & Subcortical Structures

Question 1

Gyri

Answer 1

Ridges of tissue

Question 2

Fissure/Sulci

Answer 2

Wrinkles/valley of tissue

Question 3

Right & left cerebral hemispheres divided by

Answer 3

Longitudinal fissure

Question 4

Cerebrum is divided into what lobes

Answer 4

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insula, limbic

Question 5

Insula

Answer 5

Inside lateral fissure

Question 6

Frontal lobe

Answer 6

Focus on execution and initiation of movement, expressive language, personality, and executive function

Question 7

Executive functions

Answer 7

Reason/judgement, attention, decision making/problem solving, planning, learning

Question 8

Frontal lobe landmarks

Answer 8

Central sulcus, precentral gyrus, lateral fissure

Question 9

Central Sulcus

Answer 9

Separates frontal lobe from partial lobe

Question 10

Precentral gyrus

Answer 10

Primary motor cortex, anterior to central sulcus

Question 11

Lateral fissure

Answer 11

Separates frontal lobe from temporal lobe

Question 12

Frontal lobe functional aspects

Answer 12

Primary motor cortex, premotor area, Broca’s area, prefrontal cortex

Question 13

Temporal lobe focuses on

Answer 13

Focuses on hearing, receptive language, phonological awareness, memory/learning, smell

Question 14

Temporal lobe landmarks

Answer 14

Sylvian fissure, superior temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, primary auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area

Question 15

Sylvian fissure

Answer 15

Divides frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below

Question 16

Superior temporal gyrus

Answer 16

Continues to parietal lobe ends at angular gyrus

Question 17

Uncus

Answer 17

Smell

Question 18

Parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 18

Memory and learning

Question 19

Temporal lobe functions

Answer 19

Planum temporale

Question 20

Planum temporale

Answer 20

Involved with language, specifically phonological awareness

Question 21

Parietal lobe focuses on

Answer 21

Focus on body sensation & language association (comprehension)

Question 22

Parietal lobe landmarks

Answer 22

Postcentral gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus

Question 23

Parietal lobe functions

Answer 23

Primary somatosensory cortex, supramarginal gyrus+angular gyrus+temporal lobe

Question 24

Occipital lobe

Answer 24

Focus on vision

Question 25

Occipital lobe landmarks

Answer 25

Parieto-occipital sulcus, primary visual area, visual association cortex

Question 26

Insula

Answer 26

Function: relays somatosensory info, language, and swallowing
Location: beneath lateral fissure

Question 27

Lambic lobe: cingulate gyrus

Answer 27

Function: reward, anticipation, empathy, impulse control, emotion
Location: medial surface of longitudinal fissure, superior to corpus callosum

Question 28

Subcortical structures

Answer 28

Thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia

Question 29

Thalamus

Answer 29

Relay motor & sensory signals

Question 30

Hypothalamus

Answer 30

Body heat production, water intake, hormone production, emotional expression, food consumption, reproduction

Question 31

Basal ganglia

Answer 31

Regulation of motor functions and muscle tone; emotion

Question 32

Cerebellum

Answer 32

Involved in coordination of movement

Question 33

Brainstem

Answer 33

Integrator and coordinator of CNS and PNS input

Question 34

Brainstem consists of:

Answer 34

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 35

Pyramidal decussation

Answer 35

All descending motor fibers from brain cross over in this region

Question 36

Spinal cord

Answer 36

Link between brain and body, transmits sensory and motor info

Question 37

Motor

Answer 37

Efferent from the brain to visceral organs, muscles and glands

Question 38

Sensory

Answer 38

Afferent transmitting pain, touch, temperature,& proprioception