Cortical organisation and function Flashcards
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
- regulating and initiating motor function
- language
- cognitive functions e.g. planning
- attention
- memory
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
- sensation: touch, pain
- sensory aspects of language
- spatial orientation and self-perception
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
- processing visual information
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
- processing auditory information
- emotions
- memory
What structures make up the limbic lobe?
- amygdala
- hippocampus
- mammillary body
- cingulate gyrus
What are functions of the limbic lobe?
- learning
- memory
- emotion
- motivation and reward
Where is the insular cortex found?
deep within lateral tissue (between frontal and temporal lobe)
What are the functions of the insular cortex?
- visceral sensations
- autonomic control
- interoception
- auditory processing
- visual-vestibular integration
What is grey matter?
neuronal cell bodies and glial cells
What is white matter?
myelinated neuronal axons arranged in tracts
What are association fibres?
white matter tracts that connect areas within SAME hemisphere
–> short fibres and long fibres (superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus)
What are commissural fibres?
white matter tracts that connect similar structures in the left and right hemispheres
e.g. corpus callosum, anterior commissure
What are projection fibres?
white matter tracts that connect the cortex w/ lower brain structures e.g. thalamus, brainstem, spinal cord
(corona radiata, internal capsule)
What are the differences between primary and secondary/association cortices?
- 1y= predictable function, whereas 2y less predictable
- 1y organised topographically, but 2y not
- 1y has symmetry between left and right, whereas weak/absent symmetry in 2y cortices (some only found on one hemisphere)
What are the motor areas in the frontal lobe?
- primary motor cortex: somatotopic, fine/precise voluntary movements
- supplementary area: planning movements (INternally cued)
- premotor area: planning complex movements (EXternally cued)