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BRS Neurology > Cortical Organisation and Function > Flashcards

Cortical Organisation and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Limbic, Insular Cortex

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2
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Regulating and initiating motor function
Language
Cognitive functions (executive functions such as planning)
Attention
Memory

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3
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Sensation of touch and pain
Sensory aspects of language
Spatial orientation and self-perception

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4
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Processing visual information

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5
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Processing auditory information
Emotion
Memories

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6
Q

What is the limbic lobe responsible for? What does it include?

A

Concerned with learning, memory, emotion, motivation and reward.

Includes the amygdala, hippocampus, mamillary body and cingulate gyrus

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7
Q

Where is the insular cortex? What is it responsible for?

A

It lies deep within the lateral fissure.

Visceral sensations
Autonomic control
Interoception
Auditory processing
Visual-vestibular integration

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8
Q

What is the grey matter made of?

A

Neuronal cell bodies and glial cells

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9
Q

What is the white matter made of?

A

Myelinated neuronal axons

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10
Q

What do white matter tracts do?

A

Connect cortical areas

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11
Q

What do association fibres do?

A

Connect areas within the same hemisphere.

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12
Q

What do commissural fibres do?

A

Connect homologous structures in the left and right hemisphers.

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13
Q

What do projection fibres do?

A

Connect the cortex with lower brain structures (such as the thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord)

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14
Q

What association fibre connects the frontal and occipital lobe?

A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

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15
Q

What association fibre connects the frontal and temporal lobe?

A

Arcuate fasciculus
Uncinate fasciculus connects the anterior frontal and temporal lobes.

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16
Q

What association fibre connects the temporal and occipital lobe?

A

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

17
Q

What are the two main commissural fibres?

A

Corpus callosum and anterior commissure

18
Q

Afferent projection fibres go from where to where?

A

Lower brain structures to the cortex.

19
Q

Projection fibres radiate deeper to the cortex. What does this form?

A

The corona radiata.

20
Q

Where do projection fibres converge between?

A

The thalamus and basal ganglia.

21
Q

What are the three main differences between primary and secondary cortices in terms of location?

A

Primary cortices have predictable functions based on location.
Primary cortices are organised topographically.
Primary cortices have symmetry between the left and right.

22
Q

What are the motor areas within the frontal lobe and what do they do?

A

Primary MA - Control fine, discrete, precise voluntary movements. Provide descending signals to execute movements
Supplementary MA - Involved in planning complex movements that are internally cued.
Premotor MA - Involved in planning movements that are externally cued.

23
Q

What are the two areas of the parietal lobe involved in sensation? What do they do?

A

Primary somatosensory - process somatic sensations such as fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, proprioception, pain and temperature.

Somatosensory association - interpret the significance of sensory information e.g. recognition of an object and awareness of self and personal space.

24
Q

What are the two main areas of the occipital lobe concerned with vision?

A

Primary visual - process visual stimuli
VA - gives meaning and interpretation of visual input

25
Q

What are the two main areas of the temporal lobe associated with hearing?

A

Primary auditory - Processes auditory stimuli
Auditory association - Gives meaning and interpretation of auditory input

26
Q

Contralateral neglect happens due to lesions where?

A

In the parietal lobe

27
Q

Lesions where can lead to agnosia?

A

Temporal lobe

28
Q

What is the name for not being able to form new memories? What can this be the result of damage to?

A

Anterograde amnesia
Anterior medial temporal lobe

29
Q

A lesion in the primary visual cortex causes what?

A

Blindness in the corresponding part of the visual field

30
Q

A lesion in the visual association area causes what?

A

Deficits in the interpretation of visual information e.g. prosopagnosia - inability to recognise familiar faces or learn new faces.

31
Q

What is the difference between fMRI and PET in terms of what they pick up?

A

PET measures blood flow to a brain region whereas fMRI measures the amount of blood oxygen in a brain region.

32
Q

This type of imaging measures the diffusion of water molecules and produces an image that looks like a psychedelic drawing of a brain.

A

Diffusion tensor imaging - DTI

BRS Neurology (1 decks)

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