Cortical lobar function

Question 1

Function

Language centre

Answer 1

Frontal lobe, Parietal dominant, temporal dominant

Question 2

Function

Memory

Answer 2

Verbal memories: Temporal dominant
Non- verbal memories: Temporal non dominant

Question 3

Function

Constructional skills

Answer 3

Parietal non dominant

Question 4

Function

Personality

Answer 4

Frontal lobe

Question 5

Function

Auditory perception

Answer 5

Both temporal dominant and non dominant

Question 6

Function

Visual processing

Answer 6

Occipital lobe

Question 7

Function

Smell

Answer 7

Temporal lobe

Question 8

Function

Balance

Answer 8

Temporal lobe

Question 9

Function

Emotional control

Answer 9

Frontal lobe

Question 10

Function

Social behaviour

Answer 10

Frontal lobe

Question 11

Function

Motor changes of opposite side (contralateral motor control)

Answer 11

Frontal lobe

Question 12

Function

Tonal perception (melody/pitch)

Answer 12

Temporal non dominant

Question 13

Function

Calculation

Answer 13

Parietal dominant

Question 14

Physical signs due to damage to

Frontal lobe

Answer 14

1.Impaired smell
2.Hemiparesis on opposite (contralateral) side
3.Frontal release sign

Frontal release signs:

1. Grasp reflex
2. Palmomental response (twitching in mental area/below cheeks when ipsilateral palm is scratched
3. Pout response (suckling reflex)

Question 15

Physical signs due to damage to

parietal lobe

Answer 15

1. Contralateral hemisensory loss
2. Astereognosis
3. Agraphaesthesia
4. Contralateral homonyms lower quadrantanopia
5. Asymmetry of optokinetic nystagmus

Astereognosis: Inability to determine 3D shape by touch

Agraphaesthesia: Inability to ‘read’ numbers or letters drawn on hand with the eyes shut

Question 16

Physical signs due to damage to

temporal lobe

Answer 16

Contralateral homonymous upper quadrantanopia

Question 17

Physical signs due to damage to

occipital lobe

Answer 17

Homonymous hemianopia (macular sparing)

Question 18

Positive phenomena

Frontal lobe damage

Answer 18

Seizures, often nocturnal with Motor activity, versive head movements

Question 19

positive phenomena

Parietal lobe damage

Answer 19

Focal sensory seizures

Question 20

positive phenomena

Temporal lobe damage

Answer 20

Complex hallucinations (smell, sound, vision, memories)

Question 21

positive phenomena

Occipital lobe damage

Answer 21

Simple visual hallucination (zigzag lines)

Question 22

Cognitive /behavioral changes

Frontal Lobe

damage/lesion

Answer 22

1. Disinhibition
2. Lack of initiation
3. Antisocial behavior
4. impaired memory
5. Expressive dysphasia
6. Incontinence

Question 23

Cognitive /behavioral changes

Parietal lobe (dominant)

Damage/lesion

Answer 23

1. Dysphasia
2. Acalculia
3. Dyslexia
4. Apraxia
5. Agnosia

Apraxia: Inability to perform complex movements in the presence of normal motor, sensory and cerebellar function

Agnosia: Inability to recognise familiar objects, e.g. faces

Acalculia: this type of cognitive disorder is most likely to develop in parietal lobe glioma

Question 24

Cognitive /behavioral changes

Parietal lobe (non dominant)

damage/lesion

Answer 24

1. Contralateral side neglect
2. Spatial disorientation
3. constructional apraxia
4. Dressing apraxia

Question 25

Cognitive /behavioral changes

Temporal non dominant

Damage/lesion

Answer 25

1. Impaired non verbal memory
2. Impaired musical skills (tonal perception)

Question 26

Cognitive /behavioral changes

Temporal dominant

Damage/lesion

Answer 26

1. Receptive aphasia
2. Dyslexia
3. Impaired verbal memory

Receptive aphasia due to damage to Wernicke’s area (Brodman area 22). This area is concerned with verbal comprehension.

Question 27

Cognitive /behavioral changes

Occipital lobe

Damage/lesion

Answer 27

1. visual inattention
2. Visual loss
3. Visual agnosia