cortex topography/ neuroanatomy Flashcards
what Brodmann area is the somatosensory cortex?
1,2,3 (postcenral gyrus)
what Brodmann area is the motor cortex
4 (precentral gyrus)
what is area 6?
premotor cortex (frontal lobe next to the precentral gyrus)
A patient arrives at the hospital after a stroke, he is only able only look to one side. which area of the brain was most likely affected? (Brodmann and gyrus)
area 8, frontal eye field (superior frontal gyrus)
where is Brodmann’s area 5 located?
parietal lobe
After an accident, a patient is able to understand questions well, but can only say one word. What is the name of the condition and which area of the brain was affected?
area 44 and 45 (Broca’s area) in the inferior frontal gyrus
area 40 and 22
Warnicke’s area ( although there is no consensus, and some consider area 22 the auditory association area, and area 40 and 21 Warnicke’s area)
what Brodmann area is the auditory cortex
41- primary auditory cortex
42- secondary auditory cortex
what Brodmann area is the visual cortex
17- primary visual cortex
18- secondary visual cortex
19- tertiary visual cortex
What are the 6 layers of the neocortex? what are the main features of each ayer?
I- molecular layer (close to the pial layer, outermost layer of the cortex)
II- external granular layer - densely packed stellate cells and some pyramidal cells
IIIa- external pyramidal layer- together w. L2 project to other parts of the neocortex
IIIb- line of Koes-Bechtrew
IVa- internal granular cells - recipient of sensory input–> distribution of info to close areas (interneurons, local processors)
IVb- outer band of bailarger (Line of Gennari in area 17)
Va- internal pyramidal layer- projecting information out of the cortex (e.g. thalamus, hippocampus..)
Vb- giant pyramidal cell of Betz
Vc- inner band of Bailarger
VI- polymorphic layer- innermost layer of the cortex contains many cell types, sending modulating signals out of the cortex (together w. L5)
differences in layers of the neocortex between different brain regions
Although the Neocortex nearly consists of 6 layers, there are some morphological differences between brain regions. for example, L4 is very small or completely gone in the premotor cortex (area 6)
name the 12 cranial nerves and their function (motor/sensory/both)
- olfactory - sensory,
- optic - sensory
- oculomotor - motor, eye and pupil movement
- trochlear- motor, eye movement
- trigeminal- sensory/motor, facial sensation and chewing
- abducens- motor, eye movement
- facial- sensory/motor, face movement and taste
- vestibulocohlear- sensory/motor, hearing and balance
- glossopharyngeal- sensory/motor, throat sensation, taste, swallowing
- vagus- sensory/motor, movement sensation and abdominal organs
- accessory- motor, neck movements
12- hypoglossal- sensory/motor, movement sensation and abdominal organs
what is the circle of willis, what are its main components and how are thy connected?
- A group of arteries the supply blood to the brain.
- main arteries:
Internal carotid arteries (ICA)- supply the anterior brain- Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)- blood supply to midline frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes
- Medial cerebral arteries (MCA)- blood supply to the temporal lobes and insular cortices
Vertebral artery- supply the posterior brain
- Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)- blood supply to occipital lobe
- Basilar artery- supply the midbrain and cerebellum
- Anterior communicating arteries (Acomm, left and right)- connecting the left and right ACAs
- Posterior communicating arteries (Pcomm)- connects anterior and posterior parts of the circle
Prominent Layer 4 - _____________
Not a prominent Layer 4 - ___________
1) Granular Cortex
2) Agranular Cortex
