Cortex lesions

Question 1

Apraxia

Answer 1

Loss of learned and rehearsed movements. Lesion in the premotor area –> MOTOR ASSOCIATION AREA

Question 2

Motor association area

Answer 2

Large muscles for planned movements.

Question 3

Lesion in the pre central gyrus

Answer 3

UMN disease

Question 4

Cant Process touch and pressure

Answer 4

Tactile Agnosia –> Lesion in the somatosensory association area

Question 5

Cant recognize objects in your hand

Answer 5

Astereognosis Lesion in the somatosensory area

Question 6

Decreased sound perception in the right ear

Answer 6

Lesion in Left Transverse Temporal Gyri

Question 7

Can hear sounds but can’t interpret them

Answer 7

Acoustic verbal agnosia –> Lesion in the auditory association area

Question 8

What does Wernicke’s area do ?

Answer 8

Critical for understanding language

Question 9

Dorsal Lateral Pre-frontal cortex

Answer 9

Attention and motor response to stimulus

Question 10

Ventral Medial of Pre-frontal cortex

Answer 10

regulates emotions

Question 11

What is the frontal association area responsible for ?

Answer 11

Personality. Deliberate decision making, adapting behavior, and determines morality.

Question 12

Right posterior parietal cortex

Answer 12

Attention to space

Question 13

Left Posterior Parietal cortex

Answer 13

Attention to time

Question 14

Overall function of the parietal association cortex

Answer 14

Attention and awareness to self and extra personal space.

Question 15

Complete neglect to the left side ( Not shaved, not dressed, won’t eat left plate)

Answer 15

Contralateral neglect- Lesion in the non dominant parietal cortex

Question 16

Inability to recognize and identify objects. The patient can still see them and process but can not link the object to the name.

Answer 16

Agnosia. Lesion in the temporal association area

Question 17

What does the temporal association area do ?

Answer 17

Medial surface- links visual stimuli with recognition.

Lateral surface- links language pattern with recognition.

Question 18

Aphasia

Answer 18

Inability to communicate in speech, writing, or any production / interpretation of symbols or ideas.

Question 19

Dysarthria

Answer 19

Inability to speak because of damage to the pharynx

Question 20

Links brocas and wernicke’s areas

Answer 20

Arcuate faciluous

Question 21

What allows motor learning and empathy ?

Answer 21

The Mirror Neuron System

Question 22

Inability to repet words

Answer 22

Conduction aphasia

Question 23

Can comprehend but produces confluent speech with low syntax and grammar.

Answer 23

Productive aphasia –> Broca aphasia

Question 24

Can produce sound but it is noncomprehensable gibberish –> Gibberish that is very fluent though

Answer 24

Wernicke aphasia which is a receptive or sensory aphasia

Question 25

Brodman Area 4

Answer 25

Primary Motor Cortex in pre-central gyrus

Question 26

B.A. 6

Answer 26

Unimodal association Area

Question 27

B.A. 3, 1, 2

Answer 27

Prim sensory cortex in the post central gyrus

Question 28

B.A. 5 and 7

Answer 28

Unimodal association area in the superior parietal lobe

Question 29

B.A. 17

Answer 29

Calacrine Sulcus -> Primary visual cortex

Question 30

B.A. 41 and 42

Answer 30

Transverse Gyri of Heschell --> Primary Auditory cortex.

Question 31

Lesion in 22

Answer 31

Wernicke Aphasia

Question 32

Lesion in 44/45

Answer 32

Brocas aphasia

Question 33

Lesion in 39

Answer 33

Left Angular Gyrus- Gersthmans syndrome

Question 34

Aphasia

Answer 34

Loss of spoken word and written language

Question 35

Alexia

Answer 35

Loss of ability to read in absence of visual impairment

Question 36

Semantic Paraphasia

Answer 36

Substitution of words

Question 37

Phonation

Answer 37

Production of sounds

Question 38

Brocas Aphasia MCC and result

Answer 38

Stroke in area 44/45. Verbage is reduced with intact comprehension. The speech is limited to nouns and verbs and Adj. Repetition is reduced.

Question 39

What is brocas aphasia with intact repition

Answer 39

Transcortical Motor Aphasia ---> Brocas Broken Boca is a motor aphasia

Question 40

What is Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 40

Lesion in aera 22. MCC stroke. Normal to increased verbiage with no comprehension. Sentences have no meaning. Commonly see paraphasia and neologism

Question 41

Paraphasia

Answer 41

language errors from word substituition. semantic is sub of words. Phonemic is sub of sounds.

Question 42

What is a neologism

Answer 42

Creation of meaningless words

Question 43

What are semantics ?

Answer 43

Meanings of words

Question 44

What is syntax ?

Answer 44

Grammar- inherate i language and generating sentences

Question 45

Prosodity

Answer 45

Tone, inflection, volume of words that add meaning.

Question 46

What is the right hemisphere lateralized function ?

Answer 46

Lexical syntactic language speech and writing

Question 47

What is the left hemisphere lateralized function ?

Answer 47

Emotional coloring of language and rudimentary speech

Question 48

aphasia

Answer 48

Loss of spoken or written communication

Question 49

alexia

Answer 49

loss of ability to read

Question 50

dysarthria

Answer 50

inability to articulate speech

Question 51

Like wernicke's aphasia but with repition intact

Answer 51

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Question 52

what is global aphasia

Answer 52

nonfluent paraphrasic errors MCC is stroke and HPTN. If repetition is intact it is mixed transcortical aphasia

Question 53

anomia alexia agraphia R/L disorientation

Answer 53

Anomic Aphasia, Gerstmann Syndrome, lesion in L angular Gyrus

Question 54

Lesion in L basal ganglia

Answer 54

Aphasia

Question 55

Patient is fluent, comprehends, and repeats

Answer 55

Anomic aphasia

Question 56

Patient is fluent and comprehends but does not repeat

Answer 56

Conduction aphasia

Question 57

Patient is not fluent, does not comprehend, and does not repeat

Answer 57

Global aphasia

Question 58

Patient is not fluent, does not comp, does repeat

Answer 58

Mixed transcortical