Cortex lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Apraxia

A

Loss of learned and rehearsed movements. Lesion in the premotor area –> MOTOR ASSOCIATION AREA

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2
Q

Motor association area

A

Large muscles for planned movements.

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3
Q

Lesion in the pre central gyrus

A

UMN disease

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4
Q

Cant Process touch and pressure

A

Tactile Agnosia –> Lesion in the somatosensory association area

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5
Q

Cant recognize objects in your hand

A

Astereognosis Lesion in the somatosensory area

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6
Q

Decreased sound perception in the right ear

A

Lesion in Left Transverse Temporal Gyri

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7
Q

Can hear sounds but can’t interpret them

A

Acoustic verbal agnosia –> Lesion in the auditory association area

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8
Q

What does Wernicke’s area do ?

A

Critical for understanding language

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9
Q

Dorsal Lateral Pre-frontal cortex

A

Attention and motor response to stimulus

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10
Q

Ventral Medial of Pre-frontal cortex

A

regulates emotions

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11
Q

What is the frontal association area responsible for ?

A

Personality. Deliberate decision making, adapting behavior, and determines morality.

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12
Q

Right posterior parietal cortex

A

Attention to space

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13
Q

Left Posterior Parietal cortex

A

Attention to time

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14
Q

Overall function of the parietal association cortex

A

Attention and awareness to self and extra personal space.

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15
Q

Complete neglect to the left side ( Not shaved, not dressed, won’t eat left plate)

A

Contralateral neglect- Lesion in the non dominant parietal cortex

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16
Q

Inability to recognize and identify objects. The patient can still see them and process but can not link the object to the name.

A

Agnosia. Lesion in the temporal association area

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17
Q

What does the temporal association area do ?

A

Medial surface- links visual stimuli with recognition.

Lateral surface- links language pattern with recognition.

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18
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to communicate in speech, writing, or any production / interpretation of symbols or ideas.

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19
Q

Dysarthria

A

Inability to speak because of damage to the pharynx

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20
Q

Links brocas and wernicke’s areas

A

Arcuate faciluous

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21
Q

What allows motor learning and empathy ?

A

The Mirror Neuron System

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22
Q

Inability to repet words

A

Conduction aphasia

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23
Q

Can comprehend but produces confluent speech with low syntax and grammar.

A

Productive aphasia –> Broca aphasia

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24
Q

Can produce sound but it is noncomprehensable gibberish –> Gibberish that is very fluent though

A

Wernicke aphasia which is a receptive or sensory aphasia

25
Q

Brodman Area 4

A

Primary Motor Cortex in pre-central gyrus

26
Q

B.A. 6

A

Unimodal association Area

27
Q

B.A. 3, 1, 2

A

Prim sensory cortex in the post central gyrus

28
Q

B.A. 5 and 7

A

Unimodal association area in the superior parietal lobe

29
Q

B.A. 17

A

Calacrine Sulcus -> Primary visual cortex

30
Q

B.A. 41 and 42

A

Transverse Gyri of Heschell –> Primary Auditory cortex.

31
Q

Lesion in 22

A

Wernicke Aphasia

32
Q

Lesion in 44/45

A

Brocas aphasia

33
Q

Lesion in 39

A

Left Angular Gyrus- Gersthmans syndrome

34
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of spoken word and written language

35
Q

Alexia

A

Loss of ability to read in absence of visual impairment

36
Q

Semantic Paraphasia

A

Substitution of words

37
Q

Phonation

A

Production of sounds

38
Q

Brocas Aphasia MCC and result

A

Stroke in area 44/45. Verbage is reduced with intact comprehension. The speech is limited to nouns and verbs and Adj. Repetition is reduced.

39
Q

What is brocas aphasia with intact repition

A

Transcortical Motor Aphasia —> Brocas Broken Boca is a motor aphasia

40
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Lesion in aera 22. MCC stroke. Normal to increased verbiage with no comprehension. Sentences have no meaning. Commonly see paraphasia and neologism

41
Q

Paraphasia

A

language errors from word substituition. semantic is sub of words. Phonemic is sub of sounds.

42
Q

What is a neologism

A

Creation of meaningless words

43
Q

What are semantics ?

A

Meanings of words

44
Q

What is syntax ?

A

Grammar- inherate i language and generating sentences

45
Q

Prosodity

A

Tone, inflection, volume of words that add meaning.

46
Q

What is the right hemisphere lateralized function ?

A

Lexical syntactic language speech and writing

47
Q

What is the left hemisphere lateralized function ?

A

Emotional coloring of language and rudimentary speech

48
Q

aphasia

A

Loss of spoken or written communication

49
Q

alexia

A

loss of ability to read

50
Q

dysarthria

A

inability to articulate speech

51
Q

Like wernicke’s aphasia but with repition intact

A

Transcortical sensory aphasia

52
Q

what is global aphasia

A

nonfluent paraphrasic errors MCC is stroke and HPTN. If repetition is intact it is mixed transcortical aphasia

53
Q

anomia alexia agraphia R/L disorientation

A

Anomic Aphasia, Gerstmann Syndrome, lesion in L angular Gyrus

54
Q

Lesion in L basal ganglia

A

Aphasia

55
Q

Patient is fluent, comprehends, and repeats

A

Anomic aphasia

56
Q

Patient is fluent and comprehends but does not repeat

A

Conduction aphasia

57
Q

Patient is not fluent, does not comprehend, and does not repeat

A

Global aphasia

58
Q

Patient is not fluent, does not comp, does repeat

A

Mixed transcortical