Cortex lesions Flashcards
Apraxia
Loss of learned and rehearsed movements. Lesion in the premotor area –> MOTOR ASSOCIATION AREA
Motor association area
Large muscles for planned movements.
Lesion in the pre central gyrus
UMN disease
Cant Process touch and pressure
Tactile Agnosia –> Lesion in the somatosensory association area
Cant recognize objects in your hand
Astereognosis Lesion in the somatosensory area
Decreased sound perception in the right ear
Lesion in Left Transverse Temporal Gyri
Can hear sounds but can’t interpret them
Acoustic verbal agnosia –> Lesion in the auditory association area
What does Wernicke’s area do ?
Critical for understanding language
Dorsal Lateral Pre-frontal cortex
Attention and motor response to stimulus
Ventral Medial of Pre-frontal cortex
regulates emotions
What is the frontal association area responsible for ?
Personality. Deliberate decision making, adapting behavior, and determines morality.
Right posterior parietal cortex
Attention to space
Left Posterior Parietal cortex
Attention to time
Overall function of the parietal association cortex
Attention and awareness to self and extra personal space.
Complete neglect to the left side ( Not shaved, not dressed, won’t eat left plate)
Contralateral neglect- Lesion in the non dominant parietal cortex
Inability to recognize and identify objects. The patient can still see them and process but can not link the object to the name.
Agnosia. Lesion in the temporal association area
What does the temporal association area do ?
Medial surface- links visual stimuli with recognition.
Lateral surface- links language pattern with recognition.
Aphasia
Inability to communicate in speech, writing, or any production / interpretation of symbols or ideas.
Dysarthria
Inability to speak because of damage to the pharynx
Links brocas and wernicke’s areas
Arcuate faciluous
What allows motor learning and empathy ?
The Mirror Neuron System
Inability to repet words
Conduction aphasia
Can comprehend but produces confluent speech with low syntax and grammar.
Productive aphasia –> Broca aphasia
Can produce sound but it is noncomprehensable gibberish –> Gibberish that is very fluent though
Wernicke aphasia which is a receptive or sensory aphasia
Brodman Area 4
Primary Motor Cortex in pre-central gyrus
B.A. 6
Unimodal association Area
B.A. 3, 1, 2
Prim sensory cortex in the post central gyrus
B.A. 5 and 7
Unimodal association area in the superior parietal lobe
B.A. 17
Calacrine Sulcus -> Primary visual cortex
B.A. 41 and 42
Transverse Gyri of Heschell –> Primary Auditory cortex.
Lesion in 22
Wernicke Aphasia
Lesion in 44/45
Brocas aphasia
Lesion in 39
Left Angular Gyrus- Gersthmans syndrome
Aphasia
Loss of spoken word and written language
Alexia
Loss of ability to read in absence of visual impairment
Semantic Paraphasia
Substitution of words
Phonation
Production of sounds
Brocas Aphasia MCC and result
Stroke in area 44/45. Verbage is reduced with intact comprehension. The speech is limited to nouns and verbs and Adj. Repetition is reduced.
What is brocas aphasia with intact repition
Transcortical Motor Aphasia —> Brocas Broken Boca is a motor aphasia
What is Wernicke’s aphasia
Lesion in aera 22. MCC stroke. Normal to increased verbiage with no comprehension. Sentences have no meaning. Commonly see paraphasia and neologism
Paraphasia
language errors from word substituition. semantic is sub of words. Phonemic is sub of sounds.
What is a neologism
Creation of meaningless words
What are semantics ?
Meanings of words
What is syntax ?
Grammar- inherate i language and generating sentences
Prosodity
Tone, inflection, volume of words that add meaning.
What is the right hemisphere lateralized function ?
Lexical syntactic language speech and writing
What is the left hemisphere lateralized function ?
Emotional coloring of language and rudimentary speech
aphasia
Loss of spoken or written communication
alexia
loss of ability to read
dysarthria
inability to articulate speech
Like wernicke’s aphasia but with repition intact
Transcortical sensory aphasia
what is global aphasia
nonfluent paraphrasic errors MCC is stroke and HPTN. If repetition is intact it is mixed transcortical aphasia
anomia alexia agraphia R/L disorientation
Anomic Aphasia, Gerstmann Syndrome, lesion in L angular Gyrus
Lesion in L basal ganglia
Aphasia
Patient is fluent, comprehends, and repeats
Anomic aphasia
Patient is fluent and comprehends but does not repeat
Conduction aphasia
Patient is not fluent, does not comprehend, and does not repeat
Global aphasia
Patient is not fluent, does not comp, does repeat
Mixed transcortical
