Correlations Flashcards
Define what is meant by a correlation (2 marks)
A mathematical technique in which a researcher investigates an association between two measurable variables, called co-variables.
Explain the difference between correlations and experiments (3 marks)
In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect on the DV in order to determine cause and effect, whereas in a correlation, there is no manipulation of either variable so cause and effect cannot be demonstrated. This is because the influence of CV’s/EV’s are not controlled so it may be a third, intervening variable that causes the relationship found.
Define what is meant by a co-variable (2 marks)
Variables in a correlation which vary and are measured - neither one is controlled or manipulated by a researcher.
Explain one strength and one limitation of the use of correlations in psychological research (3 marks + 3 marks)
One strength of using correlations is that they form a good starting point for psychological research. By assessing the strength and direction of a relationship, they can suggest ideas for possible future research.
A second strength of using correlations is that they are quick and economical to conduct - there is no need for a controlled environment or any manipulation of the variables as secondary data is used so they are less time consuming.
One weakness of using correlations is that you cannot use them in order to determine a causal relationship between the two variables. As there is no manipulation or control of either variable, the researcher cannot say if there is another ‘intervening’ variable that caused the relationship as well as being unable to determine which variable caused the other to change.
