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Day 3: Applied Geology > CORRELATION COURSE (DAY 3) MIDTERM EXAMINATION > Flashcards

CORRELATION COURSE (DAY 3) MIDTERM EXAMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

How does the resistivity of a material change if it has many highly mobile charge carriers?

A

Resistivity decreases.

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2
Q

What happens to the resistivity of a mineral when it is molten?

A

Decreases

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3
Q

Based on the IRR of RA 7942, one meridional block (also known as “block”) is bounded by ½ minute of longitude and ½ minute of longitude, containing approximately __________ .

A

810,000 square meters

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4
Q

JORC stands for?

A

Joint Ore Reserve Code

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5
Q

What is the unit of conductance?

A

Siemens

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6
Q

If A boron mineral obtained from Playa deposits is called ______________.

A

Colemanite

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7
Q

What is the reciprocal of resistivity?

A

Conductivity

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8
Q

What is the unit of resistivity?

A

Ohm meters

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9
Q

It refers to the percentage of void spaces relative to the total volume of a rock or earth material.

A

Porosity

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10
Q

Ophiolites/Ophiolitic terranes in the Philippines are good exploration targets for what mineral commodity?

A

Chromite

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11
Q

Which property allows the interchange of current and potential electrodes without affecting the results in geoelectrical surveys?

A

Reciprocity

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12
Q

If a geologist doing reconnaissance exploration would like to analyze for 15 metallic elements, he will most likely use:

A

XRF

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13
Q

In a gravity survey, correction due to topography is known as:

A

Bouguer

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14
Q

It is a legacy mine which became infamous due to a massive tailings spill incident in March 24, 1996?

A

Marcopper Mining Corporation

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15
Q

In resistivity surveying, what type of current is usually applied between two electrodes implanted in the ground?

A

Direct current

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16
Q

Cobalt is now being mined and recovered locally from what mineral deposit?

A

laterite deposits

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17
Q

What is the optimal mine capacity for a reserve of 8,000,000,000 kg of ore?

A

10.93 years

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18
Q

Why is it advisable to use several complementary geophysical methods in an integrated exploration program?

A

To overcome the limitations and ambiguities of a single method

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19
Q

What is the mass recovery if the concentration factor is 18,756 kg?

A

0.053 or 5.3%

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20
Q

An RQD value of 52% corresponds to what rock quality category?

A

Fair

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21
Q

The Philippine Mineral Reporting Code Committee is the 15th member of ___________.

A

Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (CRIRSCO)

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22
Q

The following are the methods/principles to determine the volume or density of a rock sample, except:

A. Archimedes’ Principle
B. Water Displacement Method
C. Boyle’s Law
D. Pycnometer

A

C. Boyle’s Law

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23
Q

What type of currents induce potentials in addition to those caused by the applied current?

A

Telluric currents

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24
Q

How is the current measured in resistivity measurements?

A

With an ammeter

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25
Q

What is the concentration factor given the following data:
> In-situ copper ore grade: 25%
> Copper Concentrate: 45% Cu
> Recovery rate: 90%

A

2 Tons of in-situ copper ore is needed to produce 1 ton of Cu concentrate

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26
Q

Which array’s potential gradient approaches the value at the midpoint as the distance between electrodes approaches zero?

A

Schlumberger

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27
Q

Which array consists of four electrodes in line, separated by equal intervals?

A

Wenner

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28
Q

What is the updated water quality guidelines and general effluent standards?

A

DAO-2021-19

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29
Q

“Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990”

A

RA 6969

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30
Q

The following geophysical methods measure/consider density, except;

a. Seismic
b. Gravity
c. Magnetic
d. None, all of the afore-cited choices consider density as a parameter

A

c. Magnetic

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31
Q

What increases as a body falls under the influence of gravitational force?

A

Speed

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32
Q

Which law of Newton’s relates force and acceleration?

A

Second law

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33
Q

What is acceleration defined as?

A

The time rate of change of the speed of a body

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34
Q

What is a Gal defined as?

A

A centimeter per second squared

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35
Q

How accurate can an Absolute Gravimeter measure gravity down to?

A

1 part in 1 billion

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36
Q

It is the memorandum issued by MGB which states the guidelines and checklist for the preparation of EGGAR as per DAO No. 2000-28.

A

MC No. 2000-33

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37
Q

What type of variations are changes in the observed acceleration caused by the ellipsoidal shape and rotation of the earth?

A

Latitude variations

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38
Q

True or False: Adding a compositionally different component/volatile to an overlying rock unit will increase its melting temperature.

A

False

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39
Q

What causes changes in the observed acceleration that would be observed even if we didn’t move our gravimeter?

A

Instrument drift

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40
Q

How much can gravimeters drift per day due to changes in spring properties or temperature changes?

A

0.1 mgal

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41
Q

NQ size drills can retrieve core samples that have a diameter of ________ mm.

A

47.6

42
Q

The following are the factors that affect the economic viability of a mineral deposit, except;

A. lateral and vertical extent
B. social
C. environmental
D. metal/commodity price
E. None, all are factors that influence the economic viability of a mineral deposit

A

E. None, all are factors that influence the economic viability of a mineral deposit

43
Q

What does the negative value in the variation of gravitational acceleration with elevation indicate?

A

Acceleration decreases with elevation

44
Q

Assuming that you observed an E-W trending sequence of lithologic units that dip away from the center of the eroded/weathered structure, what type of structural landform is it?

A

Antiform

45
Q

What is the IRR of RA 7942 (Philippine Mining Act of 1995)?

A

DAO 2010-21 (??)

46
Q

If two blocks are subjected to both tension and shearing, what feature can be formed?

A

Negative Flower Structure

47
Q

Calculate the core recovery of a 2-meter drill run which was able to retrieve core pieces having the following lengths: 260mm, 400mm, 50mm, 700mm, 100mm, 200mm, 30mm

A

87%

48
Q

Groundwater contamination and/or saltwater intrusion can be detected through georesistivity surveys if the relative resistivity values are ______ than that of freshwater.

A

slightly lower

49
Q

“THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES”

A

RA 7160

50
Q

What is the difference in earth radii measured at the poles and at the equator?

A

22 km

51
Q

What is the copper concentration of chalcopyrite?

A

34.5%

52
Q

What force acts to reduce the gravitational acceleration at any point on the earth due to the earth’s rotation?

A

Centrifugal force

53
Q

Who first proposed the model for the earth’s shape as elliptical in 1687?

A

Isaac Newton

54
Q

What is the rate at which the earth rotates on its axis?

A

Once a day

55
Q

Five centimeters in a 1:50,000 geologic map corresponds to how many meters on ground?

A

2500 meters

56
Q

What is the time in Indonesia if it is 05:00 AM in Philippines? Given: Philippines is located at 122.5o E longitude and Indonesia is located at 113.9o E longitudE.

A

4:25.6 AM

57
Q

What is a diagnostic feature of volcanogenic deposits formed in an island-arc setting?

A

Presence of felsic volcanic rocks

58
Q

Which type of deposits are important sources of lead, zinc, and silver?

A

Sedimentary exhalative deposits

59
Q

What is the concentration factor for gold to make a viable deposit?

A

2000 times

60
Q

What metal has a typical background level of 0.1 ppm and a typical economic grade of 1000 ppm?

A

Silver

61
Q

What is one of the factors that determine the economic viability of a mineral deposit?

A

The current prices of the commodities being mined

62
Q

Assuming uniform density of samples, calculate the average copper concentration given the following data:

Assay result (% Cu) : 20%, 25%, 23%
Sample interval (m): 5m, 4 m and 2.5 m

A

22.39%

63
Q

Where does most of the nickel mined in the world come from?

A

Magmatic deposits

64
Q

What is the latest revised IRR of RA 7076 (People’s Smale-Scale Mining Act of 1991)?

A

DAO 2022-03

65
Q

What makes VMS deposits ‘massive-sulfide’ deposits?

A

Presence of sulfide minerals at very high concentrations

66
Q

Elements that are potentially exploitable and used as indicators of mineralization in exploration geochemistry.

A

Pathfinder elements

67
Q

How are departures from the normal element abundance level typically viewed in exploration geochemistry?

A

As anomalous

68
Q

What do positive departures from the normal range in element abundance levels indicate in exploration geochemistry?

A

Enrichments

69
Q

Elements have an affinity for sulfur and are primarily concentrated in sulfides?

A

Siderophile

70
Q

Determine the strike direction of a faulted lithologic unity having a dip of 15 degrees NE.

A

northwest

71
Q

Off-set streams resulting from the movement of San Andreas Fault are the manifestation of what type of faulting?

A

dextral strike-slip faulting

72
Q

How are elements classified based on their properties according to Goldschmidt?

A

By affinity for specific substances

73
Q

What is the fate of small stars after the red giant phase when the helium in the core is exhausted?

A

They become white dwarfs

74
Q

What is the surface temperature of the Sun, an average star?

A

5700 K

75
Q

True or False: The Clarke of an element is equal to the cut-off grade of the element divided by its crustal abundance.

A

False

76
Q

What process do stars on the main sequence primarily use to produce energy?

A

Fusion of hydrogen to produce helium

77
Q

Calculate the RQD based on the following given.

> Length of retrieved cores: 90 mm, 20 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 70 mm, 100 mm, 98 mm, 160 mm
mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 70 mm, 100 mm, 98 mm, 160 mm

A

53%

78
Q

True or False: WGS 1984 and WGS 1984 UTM Zone 53N can be used simultaneously for vector and raster layers and will not cause offset during overlay?

A

True

79
Q

A liter of pure freshwater is equivalent to;

A

1 kilogram of pure freshwater

80
Q

Gold nuggets can be readily retrieved through gravity concentration methods such as panning owing to gold’s specific gravity which is _______.

A. 5.5 g/cm3
B. 7 g/cm3
C. 19.3 g/cm3
D. 12.3 g/cm3
E. None from the choices

A

E. None from the choices

81
Q

Given strike and true dip of S 50o W, 40o NW, find the apparent dip angle in vertical section trending N 70o W.

A

36 o

82
Q

Who are the main scientists associated with the polygenetic hypothesis of nucleosynthesis?

A

Burbidge, Fowler, Hoyle, and Burbidge

83
Q

One avoirdupois is equivalent to how many grams?

A

28.35 g

84
Q

Two long tons is equivalent to how many kilograms?

A

2,032.04 kg

85
Q

What is the ultimate fate of large stars that have reached a critical phase involving the balance between thermal expansion and gravitational collapse?

A

Supernova explosion

86
Q

What is the principle difference between the r-process and s-process in nucleosynthesis?

A

Rate of neutron capture

87
Q

Calculate the thickness of 0.8-meter, horizontally exposed sub-bituminous coal seam that dips at 75o SW.

A

2.99 m

88
Q

What arrives at Earth slightly before the visible radiation from a supernova explosion?

A

Neutrinos

89
Q

Calculate the average zinc concentration given the following data:

Assay result (% Zn): 2.1%, 8.4%, 10%
Sample interval (m): 2 m, 1 m, 3 m
Density (g/cm3): 2.6, 2.5, 2.8

A

7.2%

90
Q

What initiates C burning in stars when their cores reach the Chandrasekhar limit?

A

Core collapse

91
Q

Which type of X-ray beam is typically used as the incident beam in XRF spectrometers?

A

Rhodium (Rh)

92
Q

It is the physical property of an earth material to pass/transmit radar energy to the subsurface

A

dielectric permittivity

93
Q

How do XRF spectrometers detect the abundances of elements in a sample?

A

By analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted by the sample

94
Q

Technically, a 1:25,000-scale quadrangle geologic mapping means that observations of rock units and/or structures must be conducted every how many kilometers?

A

0.25 km

95
Q

What is the recommended size for grinding the sample to a fine powder in X-ray diffraction analysis?

A

Around 10 μm

96
Q

What is the purpose of adding a standard with known peak positions in X-ray diffraction analysis?

A

To correct peak positions

97
Q

True or False: Gneiss will allow rapid passage of seismic waves compared to sandstone.

A

True

98
Q

Which database provides files of d-spacings for inorganic compounds in X-ray diffraction analysis?

A

International Centre for Diffraction Data

99
Q

What is the primary use of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)?

A

Identifying phase of crystalline material

100
Q

What does Bragg’s Law relate to in X-ray diffraction?

A

Wavelength, diffraction angle, and lattice spacing

101
Q

A nickel laterite bed has a strike length of 500 meters and an average thickness of 3 meters. What is the annual tonnage from this deposit assuming that its density is 2.9 g/cm3 and a production rate of 1 vertical meter per annum?

A

4,350 tons per annum

Day 3: Applied Geology (4 decks)

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