Corpus Striatum Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 structures comprise the corpus striatum?

A
  1. Striatum
  2. Pallidum
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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Corpus striatum
  2. subthalamic nucleus
  3. substantia nigra
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3
Q

Where in the brain (generally) is the corpus striatum

A

Deep grey, in the forebrain

Sort of around the thalamus

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4
Q

What is the striatum comprised of?

A
  • caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • nucleus accumbens (where they meet)
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5
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus comprised of?

A
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus
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6
Q

What is the main general function of the basal ganglia?

A

production of movement

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7
Q

What are the 3 inputs to the Striatum, and describe their role?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex (excitatory, glutamatergic)
  2. Thalamus (excitatory, glutamatergic)
  3. substantia nigra (excitatory & inhibitory, dopaminergic)
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8
Q

What are the 2 outputs from the striatum & describe their role)

A
  1. Globus pallidus (inhibitory, GABAergic)
  2. Substantia Nigra (inhibitory, GABA-ergic)
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9
Q

What are the 2 inputs to the pallidum?

A
  1. From striatum (inhibitory)]
  2. Frmo subthalamic nucleus (excitatory)
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10
Q

What are the outputs from the pallidum?

A
  1. Thalamus (from interna, to ventral lateral, ventral anterior & mediodorsal nuclei. From externa to subthalamic nuclei)
  2. Pedunculopontine nucleus
  3. Habenula
  4. superior colliculus
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11
Q

Describe the Direct Loop of the basal ganglia

A
  1. excitatory input from cortex
  2. excites inhibitory neuron from striatum
  3. disinhibits internal pallidum
  4. turns off inhibition to motor thalamus
  5. results in increased movement
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12
Q

Describe the Indirect Loop of the basal ganglia

A
  1. excitatory input from cortex
  2. excites inhibitory neuron from striatum
  3. disinhibits external pallidum
  4. removes inhibition from subthalamic nucleus
  5. excites internal pallidum
  6. maintains inhibition of motor thalamus
  7. results in decreased movement
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13
Q

How do the direct and indirect loops contribute to the facilitation of movement?

A
  • Direct pathway stimulates facilitation of movement (necessary movements are made)
  • Indirect pathway reduces activity & suppresses movement (unnecessary movements are prevented)
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14
Q

How do the direct and indirect loops contribute to the facilitation of movement?

A
  • Direct pathway stimulates facilitation of movement (necessary movements are made)
  • Indirect pathway reduces activity & suppresses movement (unnecessary movements are prevented)
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15
Q

What is the role of dopamine in the basal ganglia?

A
  • Dopamine excites the direct pathway & inhibits the indirect pathway
  • helps make necessary movement happen
  • reduces the suppression of movement to further facilitate movement
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16
Q

Name the 4 parallel circuits of the corpus striatum

A
  1. Motor
  2. Oculomotor
  3. Prefrontal
  4. Limbic
17
Q

Describe the motor parallel circuit of the corpus striatum

A
  • From primary somatosensory, motor & premotor cortex
  • to Putamen
  • to globus pallidus
  • to thalamus (ventral lateral & ventral anterior)
  • to motor & premotor cortex
18
Q

Describe the oculomotore parallel circuit of the corpus striatum

A
  • From prefrontal & posterior parietal cortex
  • to caudate nucleus (tail)
  • to globus pallidus & substantia nigra pars reticulata
  • to thalamus (ventral anterior and mediodorsal)
  • to frontal eye fields
19
Q

Describe the prefrontal parallel circuit of the corpus striatum

A
  • from prefrontal & posterior parietal cortex
  • to caudate nucleus (head)
  • to globus pallidus
  • to thalamus (ventral anterior & mediodorsal)
  • to prefrontal cortex
20
Q

Describe the limbic parallel circuit of the corpus striatum

A
  • From temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala
  • to nucleus accumbens
  • to ventral apllidum
  • to thalamus (mediodorsal)
  • to cingulate gyrus & orbital prefrontal cortex