Coronary Heart Syndrome Flashcards
What is an atherosclerosis.
Fatty deposits (atheroma/plaques) build up on the arterial wall, causing the blood vessels to narrow, harden and eventually occlude.
What is the major risk factor for atherosclerosis.
(a) smoking
(b) unhealthy diet
(c) obesity
(d) high blood pressure
(a) smoking is the biggest risk factor. 36% increased risk.
What are the consequences of coronary heart disease?
Stable angina
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome is a medical emergency.
(a) True
(b) False
True
Define acute coronary syndrome
Acute dysfunction or damage of the heart muscle due to myocardial ischemia and/or thrombosis secondary to arterial atherosclerosis.
Thrombosis is the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, stimulating platelet aggregation and clot formation fully or partially blocking a blood vessel causing ischemia and infarction of the tissues distal.
(a) True
(b) False
True.
What is the difference between unstable angina and myocardial infarction.
Unstable angina is symptomatic myocardial ischemia at rest or with minimal exertion with minimal or no myocardial necrosis whereas myocardial infarction is acute myocardial injury with necrosis in a clinical setting consistent with myocardial schema.
Myocardial infarction can sometimes result in necrosis of myocardium.
(a) True
(b) False
(b) False it is with necrosis
Which one is more significant ST or NSTEMI and why.
ST elevation MI- is generally a full or very significant artery occlusion whereas an NSTEMI is a partial ischemic occlusion off one or more coronary arteries.
How is NSTEMI and ST elevation diagnosed.
Location is determined during angiogram or through ischemic imaging testing
ECG- guide for MI location and artery affected in ST-elevation presentation.
Which type of MI results in sudden cardiac death
(a) Type 1
(b) Type 2
(c) Type 3
(d)Type 4
(e)Type 5
What is the prime time you want to treat a patient presenting with and MI by.
(a) 120 minutes
(b) 160 minutes
(c) 80 minutes
(d) 45 minutes
(a) within 120 minutes because time is muscle
What are the common signs of heart attack.
Discomfort in chest such as pressure squeezing or pain.
Crushing pain central or left sided chest pain.
Pain or discomfort radiating to one or both arm (usually left), jaw, neck, back or stomach
Chest pain that increases in intensity or doesn’t go away with rest or (3) nitroglycerin.
Chest pain associated with nausea vomiting, and cold/clammy feeling.
Which one is not a symptom of heart attack
(a) Crushing sensation in central chest
(b) Chest pain or discomfort after exertion
(c) Crushing sensation in the left side
(d) Radiating pain in both arms
(e) pain not received after 3 GTN sprays
(B)
List the diagnosis required for MI
Urgent 12-lead ECG: T-wave flattening —→ ST-shift (elevation or
depression)—→ Q-wave formation
Blood tests – Cardiac enzymes- Troponin T/I