Coronary heart disease Flashcards
Why does coronary heart disease increase chance of a heart attack
In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the
coronary arteries, narrowing them. This reduces the flow of blood
through the coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of oxygen for the
heart muscle(making it overwork which will eventually make it shutdown
stents
Stents are used to keep the coronary arteries open by pushing artery walls open and squashing fatty deposits
advantage: lowers risk of heart attack effective for a long time and recovery time quick
disadvantage: Complications with surgery risk of infection and blood clot
Statins
Statins are widely used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which
slows down the rate of fatty material deposit.
Advantages: reduces amount of LDL cholesterol which reduces risk of strokes and heart attacks
Increase good HDL cholesterol in your blood stream helps remove LDL
Also might prevent other diseases
disadvantages:
Statins are long term take everyday risk someone wont
negative side effects headaches kidney failure , kidney damage, memory loss
doesn’t work instantly
Why are artificial hearts used and disadvantages and advantages
Artificial hearts are mechanical devices that pump blood for a person whose heart fails temporary fix keep people alive while correct donor is found
Advantage: Artificial hearts less likely to be rejected by body immune system as its metal and plastic so not seen as foreign
disadvantage: Surgery to fit a artificial one can lead to bleeding or infection
don’t work as well as normal ones
parts could wear out motor could fail
blood doesn’t flow through artificial hearts smoothly have to take drugs to stop strokes which can cause problems with bleeding in accident
How can faulty valves come about
In some people heart valves may become faulty, preventing the
valve from opening fully reduce volume(stiff), or the heart valve might develop a leak(allow blood to flow both ways blood doesn’t circulate fully.
How do you treat faulty valves biological
The main advantage of biological valves is that there’s less risk of clots forming,
But biological valves tend to wear out a bit faster than mechanical valves and may eventually need to be replaced after many years.
How do mechanical valves treated
there is little to no risk of the valve itself being rejected by the body. A mechanical valve may not wear out as quickly
disadvantage
tendency for blood clots to form on its metal surfaces, which can lead to serious complications including heart attack or stroke.
How can artificial blood keep you alive of emergency
When someone loses blood their heart can still pump remaining blood as long as volume topped up
Artificial blood substitute saline salt solution which can replace volume of blood as long as 1/3 of their red blood cells
its safe if no air bubbles in blood this may give m
patient time to produce new blood cells or transfusion
ideally artificial blood product replace function of lost red blood cells so no blood transfusion scientists working on it
