Cornea & Lens Mnemonic Flashcards
CHED and CHSD
CHED 1 you only need ONE allele, is the dominant version. Late onset since dominant
CHED 2 you need TWO alleles, is the recessive version. At birth/stationary
CHED - thick epi and stroma.
CHSD - normal epi/stroma, and ALL AD
Inheritance of cornea dystrophies
Corneal dystrophies - all AD except Macular - AR Gelatinous drop - AR Lisch - XR Bietti - cornearetinal dystrophy - AR
Band keratopathy
Causes of band keratopahy is CHIMPS:
C: calcium (hypercalcemia, vit D toxicity, sarcoidosis, milk-alkali syndrome, hyperparathyroidism)
H: hereditary (primary hereditary band keratopathy)
I: inflammation (chronic uveitis, interstitial keratitis, phthisis bulbi)
M: mercury exposure
P: phosphorus (elevated phosphorus with normal calcium as in renal failure)
S: silicone oil
Type of scleral collagen
The sclera is mostly made up of type I collagen and the proteoglycans, decorin, biglycan, and aggrecan. Type III collagen is associated with stromal wound healing. Type IV is associated with basement membranes (Descemet’s and lens capsule).
Mnemonic: Sclera is Type I collagen: the l in sclera is 1.
Fraser syndrome
“Frasier” –> as in Fraser syndrome
Fraser syndrome: crytophthalmos, micropenis/cyrtorchidism, possible malformations of ENT and kidneys.
Papillae vs follicles
PaP illae the “a” between the two “P”s reminds you of the central vascular tuft, and uPPer or suPerior lid
F O llicles the “O” reminds you of the white centre and surrounding dilated vessel, and lOwer lid or the “F” for inFerior lid or Fornix
Path findings in herpes
cow lips have herpes
cowdry lipschutz HSV and VZV
Bacteria that can penetrate intact epi
H and N Can Lyse whole Skin: Neisseria gonorrhea/meningitidis, Hamophilus aegytpus, Shigella, Cornybacterium diptheria and Listeria.
DDx enlarged cornea nerves
DDx for enlarged K nerves men(2)larged K nerves Men 2b NF2 Leprosy Acanthamoeba Refsum- accumulation of phytanic dz. Peripheral polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and ichthyosis are the major clinical components.
Glaucoma (congenital)
Edema (of the cornea)
dysautonomia (Riley-Day)
Bigh3
BigH3 gene is located on Chromosome 5: Another name for Big is LARGE (5 letters therefore chr 5): L: Lattice (type 1) A: Avellino R: Reis-Bucklers G: Granular E(empty)
Posterior amorphous dystrophy
Don’t mistake posterior AMORPHOUS stromal dystrophy with posterior POLYMORPHOUS dystrophy (PPMD) which is assoc with glaucoma
I think of “posterior” pulling the cornea posteriorly leading to hyperopia (in posterior amorphous stromal dystrophy). Also, thin Corneas (approximately 380 um) with flat Ks (< 41 D).
Septate and non septate fungi
Nonseptate filamentous fungi includeMucor, Absidia, and Rhizopus. These fungi can causelife-threatening infections (“mucormycosis”)of the paranasal sinuses, brain, and orbit, typically inimmunocompromisedpatients.
Septatefungi include Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Curvularia. A nice mnemonic is:”F.A.C.t.s. “
Septate fungi are the most common cause of fungal keratitis
F = Fusarium
A = Aspergillus
C = Culvarium
P = Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phialophora
Frequency, recurrence, occurrence of cornea dystrophies
“My Little Granny is the oldest”
Macular (youngest)
Lattice
Granular (oldest)
All increasing:
May Grow Lovingly… (lovingly = recurrence)
Man, Good Luck Finding… (finding = occurrence)
May Like Grandma… (grandma = age)
Most Common to Least Common: “Last Graft is Macular” Lattice–>Granular–>Macular
can also, think that Macular recurs the LEAST (and is AR).
Thanks for sharing the mnemonic. These might be helpful, too:
Mnemonic for the order of recurrence in grafts:
Rude Little Green Men keep coming back. (Reis-Bucklers > Lattice > Granular > Macular)
Mnemonic for relative prevalence of the dystrophies:
Get a Little More (Granular > Lattice > Macular)
Whorls in cornea
Mnemonic: Important FACTS IN identifying whorls in the corneal (corneal verticillata):
F: Fabrys
A: Amiodarone (m/c)
C: chloroquine (hydroxychloroquine)/chlopromazine
T: Tamoxifen
S: Subconjunctival gentamicin
I: Ibuprofen/ Indomethacin
N: Naproxen
Fabry diseaseis a sphingolipidoses. The three main sphingolipidoses are Fabry disease, multiple sulfatase deficiency, and generalized gangliosidosis. All have corneal verticilata. Fabry disease is inherited in an X-linked pattern and the others in a recessive fashion. Try to remember that Fabry and Hunter and both X-linked. This can be remembered by picturing a “fabulous” Hunter aiming a bow and arrow at a target shaped like an X. Fabry disease can also have renal failure and peripheral neuropathy. The most distinguishing clinical feature is that it has corneal verticillata. Tay-Sachs, another sphingolipidoses, typically has more retinal findings such as a cherry-red spot.
HZV infection of nerves
IN HZV infections: Frontal is most Frequently involved, Lacrimal is Least involved and Nasociliary when affected increases risk of corNeal Involvement.