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ophthalmology > cornea > Flashcards

cornea Flashcards

1
Q

what is average horizontal diameter of cornea

A

11.7mm

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2
Q

what is average vertical diameter of cornea

A

10.6mm

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3
Q

what is refraction of cornea

A

40-44D

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4
Q

another name for stroma layer

A

substantia propria

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5
Q

what is the epithelium of cornea

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

what is the source of new epithelial cells in the cornea

A

limbal stem cells

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7
Q

shape of the cells in endothelial layer

A

hexagonal

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8
Q

minimum density of endothelium

A

600 cells/mm2

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9
Q

what are the layers of the tear film

A

lipid
aqueous
mucin

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10
Q

what makes the lipid layer

A

meibomian glands

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11
Q

what makes aqueous layer

A

lacrimal gland

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12
Q

what makes mucin layer

A

goblet cells

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13
Q

what is the role of lipid layer

A

prevents evaporation of tears

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14
Q

what is role of mucin layer

A

lubricates

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15
Q

what are accessary aqueous glands

A

wolfing
krause

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16
Q

what is an abnormal schirmer test

A

<10mm
<5mm

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17
Q

can you give steroids for bacterial keratitis

A

NO

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18
Q

what culture medium for neisseria gonorrhoea

A

chocolate agar

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19
Q

is corneal sensation diminish in herpes simplex

A

yes

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20
Q

in what form of HSV keratitis is dendritic ulcer seen

A

epithelial

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21
Q

do you give corticosteroid for epithelial keratitis

A

no

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22
Q

treatment of epithelial keratitis

A

topical acyclovir

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23
Q

what is a feature of endothelial keratitis

A

wessely ring

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24
Q

what is a common nerve palsy seen in ophthalmic herpes zoster

A

CN IV palsy

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25
Q

culture medium for fungal keratitis

A

sabourauds agar

26
Q

what is a salmon patch a late sign of

A

syphilitis interstitial keratitis

27
Q

what is Hutchinson triad

A

deafness
interstitial keratitis
notched teeth

28
Q

what epithelial defect is seen in peripheral ulcerative keratitis

A

crescent shaped epithelial defect

29
Q

what is exposure keratopathy due to

A

lagophthalmos

30
Q

is there an increased or reduced endothelial density in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy

A

decreased

31
Q

what is seen on descemets membrane in Fuchs dystrophy

A

guttata

32
Q

what changes in vision are seen in Fuchs

A

vision gets better as day goes on

33
Q

what is a fleischer ring found in

A

keratoconus

34
Q

what causes a bad keratopathy

A

calcium

35
Q

what causes Hudson stahli line

A

iron deposition

36
Q

Is keratoconus bilateral or unilateral

A

Bilateral

37
Q

Risk factors for keratoconus

A

Ocular rubbing
FH
Down syndrome
Sleep apnoea

38
Q

What can be seen on ophthalmoscopy of keratonocouus

A

Oil droplet reflex

39
Q

Retinoscopy of keratoconus

A

Scissoring reflex

40
Q

Most common pathogens of bacterial keratitis

A

Pseudomonas aureginosa

41
Q

What bacteria can penetrate an intact corneal epithelium

A

CNHL
- cornyebacterium
- haemophillus
- neisseria
- listeria

42
Q

What has the features: pain, conjunctival injection, photophobia, blurry vision, discharge, hypopyon

A

Bacterial keratitis

43
Q

Management of bacterial keratitis

A

Fluoroquinolone

44
Q

What keratitis is associated with trauma

A

Fungal keratitis

45
Q

What has stromal infiltrates with fluffy margins

A

Fungal keratitis

46
Q

What has feathery branch lesion s

A

Fungal keratitis

47
Q

Treatment of Candida fungal keratitis

A

Amphotericin B

48
Q

First line for filamentous fungal keratitis

A

Natamycin

49
Q

What is seen in epithelial keratitis

A

Tree like ucler

50
Q

What does the ulcer in epithelial keratitis stain well with

A

Rose bengal

51
Q

What is seen in disciform endothelial keratitis

A

Wesley’s rings
Central circular stromal oedema
Keratic precipitate =s

52
Q

Diagnosis of endothelial keratitis

A

Giemsa stain

53
Q

Can you give steroids to someone with epithelial keratitis

A

No

54
Q

Can you give steroids to someone with endothelial keratitis

A

Yes

55
Q

Management of acanthomoboea keratitis

A

Polyhexamethylene biguanide

56
Q

What shape of infiltrate is seen on acanthomoboea keratitis

A

Ring shape

57
Q

What culture medium for acanthomoboea

A

Non-nutrient agar with ecoli

58
Q

What culture medium for mycobacterium

A

Lowenstein jensen

59
Q

What culture medium for bacterial keratitis

A

Chocolate/blood agar

60
Q

What is marginal keratitis

A

Inflammation of peripheral cornea, represents a type III hypersensitivity reaction to staph aureus

61
Q

What is marginal keratitis associated with

A

Blepharitis and acne rosacea

ophthalmology (11 decks)

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