Core - Topic 1.1 - Telescopes and Waves

Question 1

Explain the purpose of the eyepiece in a telescope.

2

Answer 1

An explanation linking any two
of:
MP1 magnify (1)
with one of:
MP2 the (real) image from
objective (lens) (1)
MP3 to provide greater detail
(1)

Question 2

Galileo drew pictures of his observations of Jupiter.
Nowadays we can take photographs.
Suggest how photographs would have helped Galileo.

Answer 2

One sensible suggestion, such as
 made recording results {easier
/quicker} (1)
 results more convincing to
other people (1)
 photograph is to scale (1)

Question 3

The telescope collects light reflected from Jupiter.
The light has a frequency of 4.30 × 1014 Hz and a speed of 3.00 × 108 m/s.
Calculate the wavelength of the light.
(3)

Answer 3

Substitution (1)
3.0 x 108 = 4.3 x 1014 x λ
Transposition (1)
(λ=) 3.0 x 108
4.3 x 1014
Evaluation (1)
6.98 x 10-7 (m)

Question 4

Galileo’s observations of the moons of Jupiter disproved the geocentric model.
However, these observations were not enough to prove the heliocentric model of
the Solar System.
Explain why Galileo’s observations disproved one model but were not enough to
prove the other model.

Answer 4

1-2
a limited explanation of the geocentric AND the heliocentric model
such as geocentric model said everything orbited the Earth while
the other was for everything going round the Sun. OR clearly
explains the one model and describes Galileo’s observations eg
geocentric model said everything orbited the Earth but Galileo
observed that Jupiter had moons going around it
 the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses
limited scientific terminology e.g. allow confusion between
geocentric and heliocentric
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
3-4
 a simple explanation of geocentric AND heliocentric models AND
Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s moons/explains heliocentric not
proved e.g. The geocentric model said everything orbited the
Earth while the heliocentric was for everything orbiting the Sun.
Galileo observed that Jupiter had moons orbiting around it.
 the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity
and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately e.g.
correct use geocentric and heliocentric
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
5-6
 a detailed explanation of geocentric AND heliocentric models AND
the role of Galileo in providing evidence against the geocentric BUT
not enough for the heliocentric such as The geocentric model said
everything orbited the Earth while the heliocentric was for
everything orbiting the Sun. Galileo’s observations that Jupiter had
moons orbiting arou(nd it showed that the geocentric model was
wrong but not that Jupiter or anything else went around the Sun.
 the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a
range of scientific terminology accurately e.g. distinguishes
between the necessary and insufficient conditions
 spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors

Question 5

State how you can tell that the image formed is real.

1

Answer 5

The idea that it can be captured

on a screen

Question 6

State how the invention of the telescope improved the way scientists observed
the Universe.
(1)

Answer 6

image was larger/magnified

compared with naked eye

Question 7

The invention of the telescope helped to change ideas about the Solar System.
The heliocentric model replaced the geocentric model.
Describe the difference between the geocentric model and the heliocentric model.
(2)

Answer 7

Description to include:
Geo = Earth at the centre (of the
Solar System) (1)
Helio = Sun at the centre (of the
Solar System) (1)

Question 8

Describe how a reflecting telescope is different from the simple telescope
which Galileo used.
(2)

Answer 8

description including two of the
following points
Reflecting telescope has
mirror(s) (1)
Galilean telescope has only
lenses (1)
Reflecting telescope can gather
more light / can have a larger
objective (1)
Image viewed from the side of
reflecting telescope (1)
Image viewed from end of
Galilean telescope. (1)

Question 9

The students use a telescope to view the Moon.
Light from the Moon takes 1.3 s to reach the students.
The speed of light is 300 000 km/s.
Calculate the distance to the Moon.
(2)

Answer 9

substitution into given equation
(1)
1.3 x 300 000
evaluation (1)
390 000 (km)