Core Themes: Mechanisms & processes Flashcards
Nature hates ______
Gradients
gluc=
Glucose transporter
Gradient: a lot one side, ______
little on the other
Gradients and Permeability
Cells move from high to low, down pressure and concentration gradients, across permeable membranes
Celluar Differentiation
Specialization of a cell because of gene expression
cell membrane mechanisms
Determine entry of substances, responds to signals
insulin = ?
communication signal
cell to cell communication….
via membrane receptors
feedback loops
homeostatic mechanisms for stability
Balance
Replacement of lost substances, elimination of excesses
energy processes
Keeps cells active
Growth
increase in cell number and size and increase in body size
Reproduction
Change in body position/ location; motion of internal organs
Movement
Change in body position/ location; motion of internal organs
Metabolism
energy production/ nutrient cycling
Metablism is what?
all the chemical reactions in your body
Respiration is what?
making energy
Digestion is what?
Breaking down food into nutrients for absorption into the blood
Cell growing
chemical reactions towards your DNA
cellular respiration is part of what?
part of metabolism
What does it do?
it’s how your body makes energy/oxygen. its a way to take away elections
Where do electrons come from?
Food
When you break down food, you _______
Break down electrons
Oxygen =
electrons keep moving
What is protein made out of?
Amino acids
What does your body need
Amino acids
Digestions takes ______ ______ into _______ ________
complex molecules, simpler molecules
blood acts as a _______
highway
Cells need the ____ _____
amino acids
CO2 can ____ you faster than _____ _____
CO2 can kill you faster than little oxygen
water has a ______ ______ __________-
high heat capacitator
Little water makes body temp
unstable
You can get energy from…?
food (protein, carbs & fat)
Vitamin is NOT what?
A source of energy
Water is NOT what?
A source of energy
Water is inside and outside of what?
cells
MOST water is inside of…?
the cell
Life requires what environmental factors?
water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
what provides necessary nutrients for energy?
food
what’s the most abundant substance in the body?
water
what’s the environment for metabolic processes?
water
what’s needed for the transport of substances?
water
water regulates what?
body temperature
A lot of water keeps body temp ______
constant
When you get rid of water …….
chemical reactions stop
what releases energy from food?
Oxygen
Oxygen is not what?
ENERGY
Heat is a form of what?
energy
what helps maintains the body temp? (not water)
heat
Heat partly controls rate of _______ _______
metabolic reactions
Whats the application of force on an object called?
Pressure
Atmospheric pressure is important for…?
breathing
Hydrostatic pressure keeps…?
blood flowing
Homeostatic Mechanisms is when the body….
maintains homeostasis though a number of self-regulating control systems
There are three parts to homeostatic mechanisms, what are they?
Receptors, control centrer, effector
what detects and provides info about the stimuli?
Receptors
a decision-maker that maintains set-points is the…
control center
muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment
Effector
Homeostatic mechanisms are based on ……
feed loops
what is water toxicity?
too much water consumed into your body, which is deadly
what happens if you don’t let body excrete fluid?
it’ll harm you
Main molecules are …. hint 95% of atoms are these elements
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
the main 4 macromolecules are…..
DNA, protein, Lipids, carbs
What does water have? And do we need them?
IONS, yes
does distilled water have ions?
no
