Core Theme 1 - Coastal Landscapes Flashcards
When the sea hits the soft and hard rocks, the ___ rock erodes quicker and inwards forming a ___
The hard rock that erodes slower is called a ______
When the sea hits the soft and hard rocks, the soft rock erodes quicker and inwards forming a bay
The hard rock that erodes slower is called a headland
What is a bay?
A low-lying inlet of land on the coast
What is a headland?
A high area of land that extend out into the sea
What is a wave cut platform
A flat area in front of a cliff, just below the low tide mark. These were formed when the waves eroded the cliff, but left a flat platform behind.
Bays are more sheltered with ______ waves which ______ sediment to ____ a beach.
Bays are more sheltered with constructive waves which deposit sediment to form a beach.
What is a wave-cut notch?
An area of erosion at the base of a cliff formed by the waves.
How is a wave cut platform formed?
The sea attacks the base of the cliff between the high and low water mark.
A wave-cut notch (small scale landform) is formed by erosional processes such as abrasion and hydraulic action, this is a dent in the cliff usually at the level of high tide.
As the notch increases in size, the cliff becomes unstable and collapses, leading to the retreat of the cliff face.
The backwash carries away the eroded material, leaving a wave-cut platform.
The process repeats. The cliff continues to retreat.
Rock pools (a small scale landform) are left which often home a wide range of marine life as well as attracting many tourists.
How is an arch formed?
When the water erodes the soft rock it forms a cave, the cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arc
How is a stack formed?
When the base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea. This leaves a stack
What are beaches made up of?
Eroded material that has been transported from elsewhere and then deposited by the sea
What type of waves build up beaches and why?
Constructive waves build up beaches because they have a strong swash and a weak backwash
Where are sandy beaches normally found?
Sandy beaches are usually found in bays where the water is shallow and the waves have less energy.
Where are pebble beaches found?
Pebble beaches often form where cliffs are being eroded, and where there are higher-energy waves.
What is a spit?
A stretch of beach at one end of a coastline caused by waves depositing material.
where do spits occur?
By the river mouth or if there is a change in landscape
