Core Studies - Paper 2

Question 1

What do you include when comparing similarities or differences between studies?

Answer 1

1. Name one similarity and difference
2. Elaborate / explain point
3. Give specific example from one study
4. Specific example from other study

Question 2

What do you write about if it is to what extent?

Answer 2

The strengths (positives) and the weaknesses (negatives)

Can add conclusion - justify how much changed / develop understanding

Question 3

When looking at key how a study relates to understanding key theme, compared to other study. What should you talk about?

Answer 3

Link to conclusion and the results.

How they produced results which improves understanding
eg using quantitative data = objective

Give examples from each study to prove this

Relate back to question / how it helps

Compare

Question 4

When briefly describing the study and and how they relate to the article, how many marks for each section?

(7 marks)

Answer 4

5 marks for explaining study

2 marks for explaining article

Question 5

When describing strengths and weaknesses of an area for 8 marks.
How do you
Answer it

Answer 5

2 strengths and 2 weaknesses

Do not need to mention example from study

Question 6

What order should you read article

Answer 6

Read aticle

Read questions

Read article again - annotate

Question 7

How would you structure a to some extent question?

Answer 7

To some extent it is (eg ethnocentric)

However…

Finally overall

Question 8

How do you increase the reliability of the research

Answer 8

Standardise the procedure

It Controls extraneous variables

Question 9

When describing a strength and weakness what do you need to make sure you do?

Answer 9

Outline strength / weakness

Explain why it is a strength / weakness
. Outline definition of what it does

Eg . Cause and effect - establish an individual factor of behaviour
Replicability- increase reliability of consistent results occur

. Give examples from core study

Eg Lofter and palmer - cause and effect. Establish diff speed estimates were caused by different verbs in critical question.

Question 10

What would you explain application of an area?

Answer 10

Say a application

How does it work

What is the aim of it

Give example to how this is applied

Eg. cognitive therapy used for depression

Question 11

What do you need to do when explaining an issue or area and relating it to article.

4 marks

Answer 11

Explain a principle (2 marks)

Link to article by quoting (1 mark)

Say how the quote links to the principle of area/ issue you picked out at the start. (1 mark)

Question 12

When writing about a strength of weakness relating to article. What do you talk about

3 marks

Answer 12

Identify strength / weakness

E.g give weakness of a sample

Lack population validity (= identified the weakness)

Question 13

Explain how you would get the marks for this question.

Freud used the case study method in his research.
Describe how he used this method in his study of Little Hans. 3 marks

Answer 13

Define a case study (2 marks)

Link to Hans study (1 mark)

Question 14

Name 7 examples of bias

Answer 14

Selection bias -
. By sampling method or recruitment of ppt (not representative)

Gender bias -
. tendency to favor one gender over another. involve assumptions, stereotypes, or prejudices about gender that influences results

Eg. Assuming males more aggressive female or having more females in research than males

Age bias -
. Only represents a certain age group

Cultural bias
. Only use one culture

Intellectual bias -
. Can have higher or lower cognitive ability / intelligence than general population

Eg. Undergraduates have higher cognitive ability = intellectual bias

Occupation bias

Class bias

Question 15

Outline the structure for questions that ask about issues such as ethics, validity and reliability

Answer 15

identify what makes something reliable/unethical/lack validity i.e.
standardisation,

say why this makes results consistent/accurate or unethical,

contextualise with the study.

Question 16

What is the structure for evaluating the suggestions you gave for Section C.

Answer 16

My first suggestion can be evaluated using the ——- debate. (Give a debate/ issue)
This is a strength/weakness because

Also in terms of .. in can be evaluated

Repeat as above for second suggestion

Question 17

Outline the structure and sentence starters for writing about a psychological issue

Answer 17

Outline issue
eg. Altruism

Explain issue
eg. Altruism is where selfless behaviour/ concern for welfare of others and help others in need

This relates to the article…
. Quote some of article
. Also put it into your own words

Question 18

What does a psychological issue mean and what can you speak about

Answer 18

They are psychological facts (anything we have learned in psychology)

Can be positive or negative

Question 19

What can the the article relate to?

Answer 19

It can relate to different studies in one area

E.g article about social area
Mentioned:

Obeying order from coach - Bandura

Brazil/ encouraged to be friendly, helpful, agreeable - simpatia

Helped over the finishing line - altruism

This can all relate to a psychological issue

Question 20

Explain how Milgram’s (1963) study into obedience may be considered ethnocentric.

Outline the structure for this question

3 marks

Answer 20

1 mark: knowledge of the concept of ethnocentrism (definition)

1 mark: briefly relating to Milgram’s study

1 mark: further development to Milgram

Question 21

Outline the structure for writing a study relating to its background

3 marks

Answer 21

1 mark - identify background

1 mark - developing the information on the background

1 mark - link to the aim of investigation

Question 22

What you should remember to do include first when writing a similarity or a difference between two core studies?

Answer 22

Identify the difference or similarities

E.g. research design

Question 23

How should you structure the question when relating something to an area

(In section B)

E.g Describe one application and explain how it is linked to the individual differences area.

Answer 23

Explain what it asks
E.g application

Say how it is linked
E.g This is linked to the individual differences area because …

Question 24

What is the sentence starter for linking something to an area?

Answer 24

This is linked to (E.g. social) area because …

Question 25

Outline the structure for saying a study is useful?

3 marks

Answer 25

1. Identify element that is useful
2. Support with a key finding of the study
3. Say why it is useful

Question 26

Outline how you would say how a core study supports one side of the debate?
3 marks

E.g Explain how Lee et al study may support the view that behaviour is determined.

Answer 26

1 mark for definition

1 mark for linking debate to study

1 mark for specific findings or conclusion that relates to a concept of the debate

————————-
Example:

1 mark for demonstrating an understanding of the concept of determinism

1 mark for making a link between determinism and Lee et al.’s study

1 mark for a specific finding or conclusion that relates to the concept of determinism

Could also be about usefulness etc

Question 27

Examples of some comparison point that you can make

E.g ID area and behaviourist perspective

Answer 27

Candidates may make comparisons between the following:

. Data collected

. Ethical considerations

. Reductionism/holism

. Determinism/freewill

. Scientific procedures

. Research Method /designs

. Reliability

. Validity

. Ability to generalise

. Individual/situational explanations

. Nature/nurture