Core Studies- FINDINGS ONLY Flashcards
Milgram
65% went all the way to 450V
100% went to 300V
Bocchiaro
- 5% obeyed
- 1% disobeyed
- 4% whistleblew
Piliavin
The cane victim received help 95% of the time spontaneously
The drunk victim received spontaneous help 50% of the time
The cane victim was helped on a stage within 5 seconds, whereas the drunk received help on avarage after 109 seconds
80% of the first helpers were men
No significant difference in race on helping
Levine
The three most helpful cities were Rio (93.3% helping) San Jose (91.3%) Lilongwe (86%)
The three least helpful cities were kuala lumpa (40%) New York (44%) Singapore (48%)
Loftus and Palmer experiment 1
the speed estimate for “smashed” was 40.5 mph whereas the speed estimate for the “contacted” condition was 31.8 mph
Loftus and Palmer experiment 2
In the “smashed” condition 16 responses “yes” to the leading question “did you see any broken glass”
In the “hit” condition 7 responded “yes” to the leading question “did you see any broken glass”
Grant
No significant difference in reading time amongst noisey-quite conditions
The matching conditions scored the mean of 14.3/16 on the MCQ’s opposed to 12.7/16
Moray experiment 1
The mean number of words remembered from the shadowed message was 4.9 out of 7
The mean number of words remembered from the rejected message was 1.9 out of 7
Moray experiment 2
When the instruction was given in the non-attended message preceded by their name they heard 20 out of 39 times
When the instruction was given to non-attended message without their name they heard only 4 out of the 36 times
Moray experiment 3
Their was no significant difference in the number of digits recalled in either condition
Simon and Chabris
Out of the 192 observers, 46% failed to notice the unexpected event
Bandura
Children in the aggressive condition imitated many of the models physical and verbal aggressive behaviours
Boys imitated more physical aggression than girls but not more verbal aggression
There was some evidence of “same-sex model effect”
Chaney
66% more children took the recommended dose of medication when using the funhaler than when using the normal inhaler
38% more parents were found to have medicated their child in the previous day when using the funhaler
Kohlberg
There are 3 levels of moral reasoning and 6 stages of development of moral reasoning
Lee
The Chinese children rated truth telling less positively and lie telling more positively in the pro-social setting than Canadian children
Both Chinese and Canadian children rated truth telling positively and lie telling negatively the antisocial situations
Sperry
If the visual material was presented to the LVF (right-hemisphere) then the participant was unable to describe what they had seen in speech but where to point to a matching object or picture with their left hand
Casey
Participants who were low delayer as children showed more difficulty as adults in suppressing responses to hot cues than those who were high delayers as children
Low delayers had increased activity in the ventral striatum and decreased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus
High delayers had increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyruis and less activity in the ventral striatum
Blakemore and copper
Kittens raised in the horizontal environment could not detect vertically Aligned objects
Vertical plane neurons did not “fire off” in kittens raised in the horizontal environment
Maguire
Increased volume of grey matter in both left and right hippocampi in taxi drivers’ brains
Volume in the right posteria hippocampus increased as the length of time as taxi driver increased
Volume in the anterior hippocampi of taxi drivers deceased in taxi drivers
Frued and little hans
Frued suggested that Hans fear of horses was actually a fear of his father. The blinkers resembled his fathers glasses
Their is evidence of psycho-sexual development and the Oedipus complex in little Hans
Baron Cohen
The mean score in the eyes task amongst the autistic condition was 16.3/24 oppose mass to 20.3/24 in the “normal” condition
Females have a better theory of mind than males in average and scored higher on the eyes task
Hancock
Psychopaths included more rational cause-effect descriptors (“because”,”since”) and focused on material needs and contained fewer references to social needs
Psychopaths speech contained more disfluencies than non-psychopaths
Psychopaths use more past tense and fewer present tense verbs in their narrative, indicating a greater psychological detractment from the events
Gould
The IQ tests were measuring learnt intelligence not innate intelligence as the score rose depending on the number of year the immigrant had lived in the USA
