Core Studies- FINDINGS ONLY

Question 1

Milgram

Answer 1

65% went all the way to 450V

100% went to 300V

Question 2

Bocchiaro

Answer 2

76. 5% obeyed
77. 1% disobeyed
78. 4% whistleblew

Question 3

Piliavin

Answer 3

The cane victim received help 95% of the time spontaneously

The drunk victim received spontaneous help 50% of the time

The cane victim was helped on a stage within 5 seconds, whereas the drunk received help on avarage after 109 seconds

80% of the first helpers were men

No significant difference in race on helping

Question 4

Levine

Answer 4

The three most helpful cities were Rio (93.3% helping) San Jose (91.3%) Lilongwe (86%)

The three least helpful cities were kuala lumpa (40%) New York (44%) Singapore (48%)

Question 5

Loftus and Palmer experiment 1

Answer 5

the speed estimate for “smashed” was 40.5 mph whereas the speed estimate for the “contacted” condition was 31.8 mph

Question 6

Loftus and Palmer experiment 2

Answer 6

In the “smashed” condition 16 responses “yes” to the leading question “did you see any broken glass”

In the “hit” condition 7 responded “yes” to the leading question “did you see any broken glass”

Question 7

Grant

Answer 7

No significant difference in reading time amongst noisey-quite conditions

The matching conditions scored the mean of 14.3/16 on the MCQ’s opposed to 12.7/16

Question 8

Moray experiment 1

Answer 8

The mean number of words remembered from the shadowed message was 4.9 out of 7

The mean number of words remembered from the rejected message was 1.9 out of 7

Question 9

Moray experiment 2

Answer 9

When the instruction was given in the non-attended message preceded by their name they heard 20 out of 39 times

When the instruction was given to non-attended message without their name they heard only 4 out of the 36 times

Question 10

Moray experiment 3

Answer 10

Their was no significant difference in the number of digits recalled in either condition

Question 11

Simon and Chabris

Answer 11

Out of the 192 observers, 46% failed to notice the unexpected event

Question 12

Bandura

Answer 12

Children in the aggressive condition imitated many of the models physical and verbal aggressive behaviours

Boys imitated more physical aggression than girls but not more verbal aggression

There was some evidence of “same-sex model effect”

Question 13

Chaney

Answer 13

66% more children took the recommended dose of medication when using the funhaler than when using the normal inhaler

38% more parents were found to have medicated their child in the previous day when using the funhaler

Question 14

Kohlberg

Answer 14

There are 3 levels of moral reasoning and 6 stages of development of moral reasoning

Question 15

Lee

Answer 15

The Chinese children rated truth telling less positively and lie telling more positively in the pro-social setting than Canadian children

Both Chinese and Canadian children rated truth telling positively and lie telling negatively the antisocial situations

Question 16

Sperry

Answer 16

If the visual material was presented to the LVF (right-hemisphere) then the participant was unable to describe what they had seen in speech but where to point to a matching object or picture with their left hand

Question 17

Casey

Answer 17

Participants who were low delayer as children showed more difficulty as adults in suppressing responses to hot cues than those who were high delayers as children

Low delayers had increased activity in the ventral striatum and decreased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus

High delayers had increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyruis and less activity in the ventral striatum

Question 18

Blakemore and copper

Answer 18

Kittens raised in the horizontal environment could not detect vertically Aligned objects

Vertical plane neurons did not “fire off” in kittens raised in the horizontal environment

Question 19

Maguire

Answer 19

Increased volume of grey matter in both left and right hippocampi in taxi drivers’ brains

Volume in the right posteria hippocampus increased as the length of time as taxi driver increased

Volume in the anterior hippocampi of taxi drivers deceased in taxi drivers

Question 20

Frued and little hans

Answer 20

Frued suggested that Hans fear of horses was actually a fear of his father. The blinkers resembled his fathers glasses

Their is evidence of psycho-sexual development and the Oedipus complex in little Hans

Question 21

Baron Cohen

Answer 21

The mean score in the eyes task amongst the autistic condition was 16.3/24 oppose mass to 20.3/24 in the “normal” condition

Females have a better theory of mind than males in average and scored higher on the eyes task

Question 22

Hancock

Answer 22

Psychopaths included more rational cause-effect descriptors (“because”,”since”) and focused on material needs and contained fewer references to social needs

Psychopaths speech contained more disfluencies than non-psychopaths

Psychopaths use more past tense and fewer present tense verbs in their narrative, indicating a greater psychological detractment from the events

Question 23

Gould

Answer 23

The IQ tests were measuring learnt intelligence not innate intelligence as the score rose depending on the number of year the immigrant had lived in the USA