Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B2 - Organisation > Core Questions > Flashcards

Core Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order in which food passes through the digestive system.

A

Mouth into the oesophagus than into the stomach than the small intestine then the large intestine then the rectum and then the anus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the mouth in the digestive system

A

To mechanically break up food into smaller pieces to increase the surface area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two functions of saliva in digestion?

A

1) To moisten food to allow easier swallowing

2) To Start chemical digestion by containing salivary amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of stomach acid

A

To kill potentially pathogenic micro-organisms in food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the small intestine.

A

To absorb carbohydrates,lipids,amino acids,vitamins and mineral ions from digested food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give adaptation of small intestine and the cells lining the small intestine to aid absorption of digested molecules

A

1) Small intestines has structures called villi which increase surface area.
2) Epithelial cells lining the villi have microvilli on their surface area which further increases surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

To absorb water from digested food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of liver in digestion

A

To produce bile, an emulsifying and neutralising substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

To store bile until it can be released into the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

To store undigested material before excretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein which can catalyse a reaction(speed it up) without being used up itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a substrate?

A

A molecule pr atom which is acted upon by an enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does an enzyme “recognise” its specific substrate.

A

A complementarily-shaped “active-site” - a region on the enzyme which fits the substrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name two environmental conditions that can change an enzyme’s active site.

A

1) pH (either higher or lower than optimum)

2) Higher than optimal temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name where carbohydrase is made in the body

A

Salivary glands,pancreas and small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do carbohydrases break down and what is produced?

A

Carbohydates to simple sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name where protease is made in the body

A

Stomach,pancreas and small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do proteases break down and what is produced

A

Proteins to amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name where lipase is made in the body

A

Stomach,pancreas and small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do lipases break down and what is produced?

A

Lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the products of digestion used for?

A

To build new carbohydrates,lipids and proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does bile help the actions of lipase

A

1) Provides alkaline conditions by neutralising acid from the stomach
2) Emulsifies fat to form droplets with a larger surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the Benedict’s test and how do you carry it out?

A

For testing if there is sugar in food samples.Add Benedict’s reagent. Leave in a hot water bath for 5 minutes. if it turns orange/brick red it contains sugar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the biuret test and how do you carry it out?

A

For testing if there is protein in food samples.Add biuret reagent. If it turns lilac then there is protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which food test can be carried out with iodine?

A

Testing for the presence of starch. Add iodine drops to food sample. If it turns blue/black it contains starch.

26
Q

Which system transports substances around the body

A

The circulatory system.

27
Q

What is the heart?

A

An organ

28
Q

What does the heart do?

A

It pumps blood around the body.

29
Q

What are the walls of the heart made from?

A

Muscle tissue

30
Q

What are the two types of chambers in the heart.

A

The atria and ventricles

31
Q

Which are the upper chambers of the heart?

A

The atria

32
Q

Which are the lower chambers of the heart

A

The ventricles

33
Q

Where do the atria force blood upon contraction

A

To the ventricles

34
Q

Where do the ventricles force blood upon contraction

A

Out of the heart

35
Q

What is the job of the heart valves?

A

To prevent backflow of blood in the heart

36
Q

To where does blood flow after leaving the right hand side of the heart?

A

The lungs

37
Q

To where does blood flow after leaving the left hand side of the heart

A

the rest of the body

38
Q

Through which vessel does blood flow away from the heart?

A

Arteries

39
Q

Through which blood vessel does blood flow back into the heart

A

Veins

40
Q

Name the blood vessel by which blood leaves to the rest of the body?

A

Aorta

41
Q

Name the blood vessel by which blood arrives back from the rest of the body?

A

Vena cava

42
Q

Name the blood vessel by which blood leaves the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

43
Q

Name the blood vessel by which blood leaves the lungs to go back to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

44
Q

Which blood vessels have thick walls containing muscle tissue and elastic fibres

A

Arteries

45
Q

Which blood vessels have thinner walls and contain valves

A

Veins

46
Q

Name two key adaptations of capiliaries

A

1) Very thin(one cell thick) to reduce diffusion has to occur across
2) Very narrow to reduce diffusion has to occur across

47
Q

Where is the “natural” pacemaker of the heart located?

A

The right atrium

48
Q

Which are the lungs located?

A

The upper part of the body(thorax)

49
Q

What protects the lungs?

A

The ribcage

50
Q

What separates the lungs from the abdomen(lower part of the body)

A

The diaphragm

51
Q

Which gas diffuses into the bloodstream

A

Oxygen

52
Q

Which gas diffuses out of the bloodstream

A

Carbon dioxide

53
Q

Name the structure which carries air from the nose/mouth

A

Trachea

54
Q

Name the two structures which branch off from the trachea

A

Bronchi - single is bronchus

55
Q

Name the structure which branch off from the bronchi

A

Bronchiole(s)

56
Q

What are the small gas exchange structures in the lungs called

A

Alveoli (singular - alveolus)

57
Q

Describe 4 adaptations alveoli have to make them well suited for gas exchange

A

1) Thin walls(one cell thick)
2) Extensive capillary network covering the surface of each alveolus
3) Efficient movement of blood through capiliaries to maintain a concentration gradient for diffusion and carbon dioxide
4) Folded inner surface to give a large surface area

58
Q

What is the liquid part of blood called

A

Plasma

59
Q

What are the 3 main cell types found in blood

A

Red and white blood cells and platelets

60
Q

What does blood plasma transport from the organs to the lungs

A

Carbon dioxide

B2 - Organisation (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions