Core Principles of Anatomy

Question 1

Planes of the Body

What are the three planes of the body?

Answer 1

Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse

Question 2

Planes of the Body

What is the Sagittal plane?

Answer 2

Left / right halves

e.g. the brain

Question 3

Planes of the Body

What is the Coronal plane?

Answer 3

Front / Back

Anterior / Posterior

Question 4

Planes of the Body

What is the Transverse plane?

Answer 4

Upper / Lower

Cross-sectional

Question 5

What is the general anatomical position?

Answer 5

Standing erect
Legs parallel
Palms facing forward

Question 6

What is the anatomical position lying on your back?

Answer 6

A supine position

Question 7

What is the anatomical position lying of your front?

Answer 7

A prone position

Question 8

Anatomical Terminology

Proximal

Answer 8

Means closer

Question 9

Anatomical Terminology

Distal

Answer 9

Further away

Question 10

Anatomical Terminology

Medial

Answer 10

Closer to the midline

Question 11

Anatomical Terminology

Lateral

Answer 11

Further away from the midline

Question 12

Anatomical Terminology

Superior

Answer 12

Above

Question 13

Anatomical Terminology

Inferior

Answer 13

Below

Question 14

Anatomical Terminology

Anterior

Answer 14

Towards the front of the body

Question 15

Anatomical Terminology

Posterior

Answer 15

Towards the back of the body

Question 16

Anatomical Terminology

Hands / Feet

Dorsal

Answer 16

Towards the back of the hand / top of the foot.

Question 17

Anatomical Terminology

Hands / Feet

Ventral

Answer 17

Palm of the hand (palmar) / sole of the foot (plantar)

Question 18

Anatomical Terminology

Muscles / Organs

Superficial

Answer 18

Towards the outer surface of the body

Question 19

Anatomical Terminology

Muscles / Organs

Deep

Answer 19

Away from the surface of the body

Question 20

Movement Terminology

Flexion

Answer 20

Movement to make a joint angle smaller

Question 21

Movement Terminology

Extension

Answer 21

Movement of make joint angle larger

Question 22

Movement Terminology

Hyperextension

Answer 22

Extension further than 180 degrees

Question 23

Movement Terminology

Adduction

Answer 23

Movement towards the torso

Question 24

Movement Terminology

Abduction

Answer 24

Movement away from the torso

Question 25

Movement Terminology Pronation

Answer 25

Palmar surface is moved to face posteriorly

Question 26

Movement Terminology Supination

Answer 26

Palmar surface is moved to face ateriorly

Question 27

Movement Terminology Inversion

Answer 27

Rolling the medial edge of the foot inwards

Question 28

Movement Terminology Eversion

Answer 28

Rolling the lateral edge of the foot outwards

Question 29

Compartments of the Body Cranial Cavity

Answer 29

Contains the brain and extends into the vertebral canal which encases the spinal cord

Question 30

Compartments of the Body Thoracic Cavity

Answer 30

Contains the mediastinum (plus contents) and the lungs. Has within it two further cavities: pleural and pericardial

Question 31

Compartments of the Body Adminopelvic cavity

Answer 31

Abdominal cavity contains many organs and most of the GI tract. Pelvic cavity contains large bowel, urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Question 32

Compartments of the Body Adminopelvic cavity Four quadrants divided

Answer 32

Transumbilical line Median Line

Question 33

Compartments of the Body Adminopelvic cavity Transumbilical Line

Answer 33

Goes through the umbilicus in the transverse plane

Question 34

Compartments of the Body Adminopelvic cavity Median Line

Answer 34

Goes through the midline of the body is the sagittal plane

Question 35

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions

Answer 35

``` Midclavicular lines (x2) Transpyloric line Transtubercular line Left hypochondrium Epigastric Right hypochondrium Left lumbar Umbilical Right lumbar Left Iliac Hypogastric Right Iliac ``` ``` (lumbar = loin) (Iliac = Inguinal) (Hypogatric = Suprapubic) ```

Question 36

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Midclavicular Lines

Answer 36

In the sagittal plane running through the mid-clavicle and the nipple

Question 37

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Transpyloric Line

Answer 37

Transverse plane through the pylorus of the stomach. Sometimes in a slightly different position and is called the subcostal line

Question 38

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Transtubercular Line

Answer 38

Transverse plane through iliac tubercles on the pelvis

Question 39

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Left hypochondrium

Answer 39

Spleen Colon Left kidney Pancreas.

Question 40

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Epigastric

Answer 40

``` Stomach Liver Pancreas Duodenum Spleen Adrenal (suprarenal) glands ```

Question 41

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Right hypochondrium

Answer 41

Liver Gallbladder Right Kidney Small Intenstine

Question 42

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Left Lumbar

Answer 42

descending colon left kidney

Question 43

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Umbilical

Answer 43

Umbilicus Small Intestine

Question 44

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Right lumbar

Answer 44

Liver Gallbladder Right colon

Question 45

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Left Iliac

Answer 45

Descending colon Sigmoid colon

Question 46

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Hypogastric

Answer 46

Urinary bladder Sigmoid colon Female reproductive system

Question 47

Compartments of the Body Nine Regions Right iliac

Answer 47

Appendix Caecum