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Medical Sciences - Anatomy & Physiology - Level 4 > Core Principles of Anatomy > Flashcards

Core Principles of Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Planes of the Body

What are the three planes of the body?

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse

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2
Q

Planes of the Body

What is the Sagittal plane?

A

Left / right halves

e.g. the brain

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3
Q

Planes of the Body

What is the Coronal plane?

A

Front / Back

Anterior / Posterior

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4
Q

Planes of the Body

What is the Transverse plane?

A

Upper / Lower

Cross-sectional

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5
Q

What is the general anatomical position?

A

Standing erect
Legs parallel
Palms facing forward

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6
Q

What is the anatomical position lying on your back?

A

A supine position

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7
Q

What is the anatomical position lying of your front?

A

A prone position

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8
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Proximal

A

Means closer

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9
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Distal

A

Further away

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10
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Medial

A

Closer to the midline

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11
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Lateral

A

Further away from the midline

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12
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Superior

A

Above

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13
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Inferior

A

Below

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14
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Anterior

A

Towards the front of the body

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15
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Posterior

A

Towards the back of the body

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16
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Hands / Feet

Dorsal

A

Towards the back of the hand / top of the foot.

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17
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Hands / Feet

Ventral

A

Palm of the hand (palmar) / sole of the foot (plantar)

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18
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Muscles / Organs

Superficial

A

Towards the outer surface of the body

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19
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Muscles / Organs

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

20
Q

Movement Terminology

Flexion

A

Movement to make a joint angle smaller

21
Q

Movement Terminology

Extension

A

Movement of make joint angle larger

22
Q

Movement Terminology

Hyperextension

A

Extension further than 180 degrees

23
Q

Movement Terminology

Adduction

A

Movement towards the torso

24
Q

Movement Terminology

Abduction

A

Movement away from the torso

25
Q

Movement Terminology

Pronation

A

Palmar surface is moved to face posteriorly

26
Q

Movement Terminology

Supination

A

Palmar surface is moved to face ateriorly

27
Q

Movement Terminology

Inversion

A

Rolling the medial edge of the foot inwards

28
Q

Movement Terminology

Eversion

A

Rolling the lateral edge of the foot outwards

29
Q

Compartments of the Body

Cranial Cavity

A

Contains the brain and extends into the vertebral canal which encases the spinal cord

30
Q

Compartments of the Body

Thoracic Cavity

A

Contains the mediastinum (plus contents) and the lungs.

Has within it two further cavities: pleural and pericardial

31
Q

Compartments of the Body

Adminopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity contains many organs and most of the GI tract.

Pelvic cavity contains large bowel, urinary bladder and reproductive organs

32
Q

Compartments of the Body

Adminopelvic cavity

Four quadrants divided

A

Transumbilical line

Median Line

33
Q

Compartments of the Body

Adminopelvic cavity

Transumbilical Line

A

Goes through the umbilicus in the transverse plane

34
Q

Compartments of the Body

Adminopelvic cavity

Median Line

A

Goes through the midline of the body is the sagittal plane

35
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

A 
Midclavicular lines (x2)
Transpyloric line
Transtubercular line
Left hypochondrium
Epigastric
Right hypochondrium
Left lumbar
Umbilical
Right lumbar
Left Iliac 
Hypogastric
Right Iliac 
(lumbar = loin)
(Iliac = Inguinal)
(Hypogatric = Suprapubic)
36
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Midclavicular Lines

A

In the sagittal plane running through the mid-clavicle and the nipple

37
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Transpyloric Line

A

Transverse plane through the pylorus of the stomach.

Sometimes in a slightly different position and is called the subcostal line

38
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Transtubercular Line

A

Transverse plane through iliac tubercles on the pelvis

39
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Left hypochondrium

A

Spleen
Colon
Left kidney
Pancreas.

40
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Epigastric

A 
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Spleen
Adrenal (suprarenal) glands
41
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Right hypochondrium

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Right Kidney
Small Intenstine

42
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Left Lumbar

A

descending colon

left kidney

43
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Umbilical

A

Umbilicus

Small Intestine

44
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Right lumbar

A

Liver

Gallbladder

Right colon

45
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Left Iliac

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

46
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Hypogastric

A

Urinary bladder

Sigmoid colon

Female reproductive system

47
Q

Compartments of the Body

Nine Regions

Right iliac

A

Appendix

Caecum

Medical Sciences - Anatomy & Physiology - Level 4 (4 decks)

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