Core Principles, homeostasis & thermoregulation Flashcards
week 1
Explain how anatomy and physiology are integrated.
Anatomy: structure of living things
Physiology: How living things work
To explain the HOW, you have to understand the structure. Likewise, to understand the structure, you need insight into its function.
Describe the different types of local and long-distance cellular communication.
Local (or paracrine) signalling occurs when cells near each other communicate via chemical messengers.
Endocrine signalling is long-distance and requires hormones (specialised cells released into the bloodstream) to carry messages.
Define homeostasis
Same - state
To maintain a stable internal environment.
Compare and contrast negative feedback and positive feedback, and provide examples of each
Negative feedback: Stimulus received –> change is opposed
eg: Temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose
Positive feedback: Stimulus received –> change is enhanced
eg: Blood clotting, labour, breastfeeding
Explain key functions of the integumentary system, particularly with thermoregulation
The integumentary system includes the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails.
receptor, command centre, effector
Describe homeostatic mechanisms involved in thermoregulation.
Homeostatic regulation is monitored and adjusted by the receptor, the command center, and the effector.
The receptor receives information based on the internal environment.
The command center, receives and processes the information.
The effector responds to the command center, opposing or enhancing the stimulus.
four mechanisms
Describe the mechanisms of heat transfer
FOUR mechanisms: convection, radiation, conduction, and evaporation.
- evaporation of sweat
- conduction of heat from the body’s core to the surface
- radiation of heat away from the body
- convection by the heart pumping blood throughout the body
