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EPA Sec608 > Core Prep > Flashcards

Core Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) ?

A

Measures the ability of a substance to destroy ozone in the stratosphere.

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2
Q

What serious human health effects are increased from the thinning and damaging of the Stratospheric ozone layer?

A

Skin cancer rates and cases of cataracts.

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3
Q

How does stratospheric ozone depletion effect the environment?

A

Decreased crop yields and damage to marine organisms.

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4
Q

How much chlorine do erupting volcanoes add to the atmosphere?

A

Only small quantities.

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5
Q

What has been measured in the stratosphere over the past four decades?

A

The rise in chlorine matches the rise in fluorine.

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6
Q

According to Nasa and other agencies, what matches with the rise in the amount of chlorine measured in the stratosphere over the past twenty years?

A

The rise in Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) emissions over the same period.

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7
Q

Which element of a CFC or HCFC molecule causes ozone depletion?

A

Chlorine

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8
Q

How does chlorine form chlorine monoxide in the ozone layer?

A

When a chlorine atom encounters an ozone molecule, it takes one of the ozone’s 3 oxygen atoms and leaves an O2 oxygen molecule behind.

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9
Q

What happens when (CIO) chlorine monoxide collides with another ozone molecule?

A

The chlorine monoxide molecule releases its oxygen atom, forming two 02 oxygen molecules, leaving the chlorine free to attack another ozone molecule.

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10
Q

This can last in the stratosphere for 120 years and destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules.

A

A single chlorine atom.

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11
Q

When will chlorine in CFC and HCFC breakdown into compounds that dissolve in water and rain out of the atmosphere?

A

Never.

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12
Q

What do most Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have?

A

High Global Warming Potential. (GWP)

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13
Q

What gas is used as a baseline to provide comparisons for the impact of global warming?

A

Carbon Dioxide.

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14
Q

How do HFCs like R-410A compare to CO2 that has a GWP of 1?

A

HFCs have thousands of times greater GWP.

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15
Q

These refrigerants have the lowest global warming potential compared to CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs.

A

Hydrocarbons (HC) and Hydrofluoroolefins (HFO).

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16
Q

Why are HFOs a good fit for HVACR equipment?

A

They have no ozone depleting characteristics and very low global warming potential.

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17
Q

What characteristic makes HFCs damaging to the environment?

A

They have very high global warming potentials.

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18
Q

According to ASHRAE, what class of refrigerants depending on their toxicity levels are safest to humans, class A or class B?

A

Class A.

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19
Q

What does an A3 classification indicate?

A

Low toxicity, high flammability.

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20
Q

What does an B2L classification indicate?

A

Higher toxicity, slight flammability.

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21
Q

What do CFC refrigerants contain?

A

Chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Highest ODP.

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22
Q

What are some examples of CFC refrigerants?

A

R-11 and R-12.

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23
Q

What do HCFCs contain?

A

Hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon.

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24
Q

This makes HCFCs a little less harmful to the ozone when compared to CFCs.

A

The hydrogen.

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25
Q

What are some examples of HCFCs?

A

R-22 and R-123. ODP ranges between zero and one.

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26
Q

What are HFCs?

A

Refrigerants containing hydrogen. fluorine, and carbon atoms connected by single bonds between the atoms.

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27
Q

What effects do HFCs have, although they don’t contain chlorine?

A

They effect global warming.

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28
Q

What are some examples of HFCs?

A

R-134a, R-410A, and R-404A

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29
Q

What are HFOs?

A

Refrigerants containing hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon atoms connected with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms.

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30
Q

What do HFOs have a very small effect on?

A

Global warming.

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31
Q

What are most HFOs classified as because of their mild flammability?

A

A2L. Low toxicity, slight flammability.

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32
Q

Which Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant is used in low pressure chillers?

A

R-1234yf.

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33
Q

These refrigerants are an elementary compound of hydrogen and carbon.

A

Hydrocarbons (HC).

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34
Q

What refrigerants pose the least amount of danger to the environment?

A

Hydrocarbons. GWP less than 10. No ODP.

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35
Q

Which refrigerants are considered natural?

A

HC refrigerants such as Isobutane (R-600a) and Propane (R-290).

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36
Q

Can Propane cylinders used for grilling be used as a refrigerant?

A

No, they contain impurities and can damage refrigeration equipment.

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37
Q

These contain two or more refrigerants and act as a pure compound.

A

Azeotropic refrigerant mixtures. At a certain pressure, these mixtures evaporate and condense at a constant temperature.

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38
Q

What do Zeotropic or non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures have?

A

Mixtures of components with different boiling points, a blend of refrigerant.

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39
Q

What are blended refrigerants normally associated with?

A

Temperature glide, due to the blended parts having different pressures for the same saturation temperature.

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40
Q

How much can temperature glide range?

A

Few tenths of a degree to 12 degrees or more.

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41
Q

Zeotropic and some near-azeotropic use this when charging by condenser subcooling.

A

Bubble point (liquid).

42
Q

Zeotropic and some near-azeotropic use this when charging by suction or evaporator superheat.

A

Dew point (vapor).

43
Q

What is the relationship of pressures and temperatures based on?

A

Refrigerant’s temperature glide.

44
Q

What is the proper charging method for R-400 series blended refrigerants (near azeotropic blends)?

A

To weigh the refrigerant into the high side of the system as a liquid.

45
Q

Why do blended refrigerants leak from a system unevenly?

A

The different vapor pressures affect the percentage of each refrigerant remaining in the system.

46
Q

How do you add blended refrigerant to an undercharged system?

A

Liquid refrigerant is throttled into the low side with the system operating.

47
Q

What is fractionization?

A

Refrigerant leaking at uneven rate due to different vapor pressures.

48
Q

High-temperature glide refrigerants may.

A

Easily experience fractionation. (R-407C)

49
Q

Regulates amount of refrigerant in new systems by type and use.

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

50
Q

Can not be mixed with any other types of oils, is very hygroscopic and will absorb moisture through some containers.

A

Ester-based oils.

51
Q

What refrigerants have a pressure between 30 psig and 155 psig?

A

Medium-Pressure. R-12, R-124, R-134a, R-600a.

52
Q

High-pressure refrigerants range from?

A

155 psig to 340 psig. R-22, R-404A, R-410A.

53
Q

International treaty that addresses ozone-depleting substances.

A

Montreal Protocol.

54
Q

What types of refrigerants are being or have been phased by the U.S.?

A

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC).

55
Q

Section 608 certification allows

A

A technician to purchase or handle regulated refrigerants.

56
Q

Distributors that sell any regulated refrigerant must do what.

A

Verify the purchaser is, or employs, a Section 608 certified technician.

57
Q

What must anyone who violates the refrigerant circuit have, including removal or replacement of components containing a regulated refrigerant?

A

Certified at the proper level and have the required recovery equipment.

58
Q

When performing any activity regulated by Section 608

A

Technician must have their Section 608 certification card in their possession.

59
Q

What is knowingly illegal in service, maintenance, repair, or disposal of appliances?

A

Release of CFC, HCFC, or HFC refrigerants.

60
Q

Where can a technician request a replacement Section 608 certification card?

A

Their certifying organization.

61
Q

Is a Section 608 certification required when servicing sections of the system not involved with refrigerant components?

A

No.

62
Q

What consequences do service technicians that violate the clean air act face?

A

Penalties, fines, court appearances, and possible lose of certification.

63
Q

What could happen if you service a CFC or HCFC system after it has been phased out?

A

Nothing, it is not a violation of the Clean Air Act.

64
Q

What must happen to used refrigerant for it to be reclaimed?

A

Must meet AHRI standard 700 before it can resold under EPA’s regulations.

65
Q

What is a self-contained recovery device?

A

A device that removes refrigerant from an appliance without the assistance of the appliance.

66
Q

EPA require appliances have this for easier recovery.

A

A service valve, service aperture, or a process stub.

67
Q

This can void equipment warranty, ruin the refrigerant, and cause severe personal injury.

A

Topping off refrigerant with another type of refrigerant.

68
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring any CFC, HCFC, or HFC refrigerant has been removed before disposal?

A

The final person in the disposal chain.

69
Q

Why must we keep records of recovered refrigerant?

A

To ensure venting does not take place after recovery.

70
Q

What is considered a leak trace gas that may be released without recovery?

A

Nitrogen mixed with only a few ounces of refrigerant.

71
Q

What three things can be done with recovered refrigerant?

A

Charged into the same system, charged into another system with the same ownership, or shipped into an approved reclaimer.

72
Q

What type of refrigerant is cleaned by replaceable core filter-driers to reduce moisture, acidity, and particulates?

A

Recycled Refrigerant.

73
Q

What may recycled refrigerant be charged into?

A

The same system or another system with the same ownership.

74
Q

What is reclaimed refrigerant?

A

Recovered refrigerant processed to a level equal to new (virgin) product specifications as determined by the chemical analysis.

75
Q

Where is refrigerant usually reclaimed?

A

Chemical processing company.

76
Q

What must all recovery and/or recycling equipment manufactured after 1993 have?

A

An EPA-approved certification label or certified by an approved testing organization.

77
Q

How does a passive or system dependent recovery device capture refrigerant?

A

The components (compressor) in the appliance assist with recovery.

78
Q

What kind of hoses should be used for recovery to avoid excessive pressure drop and increased recovery time?

A

Short and large diameter hoses.

79
Q

Why should you not mix different refrigerants in the same container during recovery?

A

It may be impossible to reclaim and more expensive to destroy.

80
Q

Where can liquid refrigerant get trapped during recovery?

A

In the service hose between closed valves.

81
Q

What can happen if the wrong type of leak detector is used with flammable refrigerant?

A

An explosion and bodily injuries.

82
Q

When are electronic and ultrasonic leak detectors most effective?

A

To determine the general area of a small leak.

83
Q

What will aid in pinpointing a leak once the general area is located?

A

Soap bubbles.

84
Q

What must be done after repairing a leak but before recharging the system?

A

New filter drier installation and complete standing-pressure leak check at maximum system pressure.

85
Q

Why can’t flammable refrigerants indicate their presence?

A

They do not contain odorants.

86
Q

How do you remove water and water vapor from a refrigeration system?

A

Dehydrating a system by evacuation to 500 microns or lower.

87
Q

What does a system that does not hold a vacuum indicate?

A

A leak or moisture in the system.

88
Q

How does heating the refrigeration system help during evacuation?

A

Decreases dehydration time.

89
Q

How should you pressurize a system with nitrogen?

A

Through a pressure regulator and relief valve downstream.

90
Q

How should you install more than one pressure relief valve when pressurizing a system?

A

They must be parallel to each other.

91
Q

Where is the maximum low-side test pressure value located?

A

The equipment data plate.

92
Q

Why should you never pressurize a system with oxygen or compressed air?

A

Oxygen or compressed air can cause an explosion when mixed with some refrigerants or compressor oil.

93
Q

What materials are used in seals and gaskets that are not compatible with HFO refrigerants?

A

Silicone elastomers.

94
Q

What is a major cause of fatal refrigerant accidents?

A

Oxygen deprivation.

95
Q

How much can a recovery cylinder be filled?

A

No more than 80% of its capacity by weight.

96
Q

How can you identify approved refrigerant recovery cylinders?

A

They have yellow colored tops and gray bodies.

97
Q

How can you control the fill level of the recovery cylinder?

A

By mechanical float device, electronic shut-off device, or measuring the gross cylinder weight.

98
Q

What kind of reusable containers must be hydrostatically test every 5 years?

A

Containers under high pressure (above 15 psig).

99
Q

What must be attached to the cylinders when transporting used refrigerant?

A

DOT classification tag and label.

100
Q

What must be positioned upright when shipped?

A

Refrigerant cylinders.

EPA Sec608 (4 decks)

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