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Core Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) ?

A

Measures the ability of a substance to destroy ozone in the stratosphere.

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2
Q

What serious human health effects are increased from the thinning and damaging of the Stratospheric ozone layer?

A

Skin cancer rates and cases of cataracts.

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3
Q

How does stratospheric ozone depletion effect the environment?

A

Decreased crop yields and damage to marine organisms.

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4
Q

How much chlorine do erupting volcanoes add to the atmosphere?

A

Only small quantities.

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5
Q

What has been measured in the stratosphere over the past four decades?

A

The rise in chlorine matches the rise in fluorine.

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6
Q

According to Nasa and other agencies, what matches with the rise in the amount of chlorine measured in the stratosphere over the past twenty years?

A

The rise in Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) emissions over the same period.

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7
Q

Which element of a CFC or HCFC molecule causes ozone depletion?

A

Chlorine

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8
Q

How does chlorine form chlorine monoxide in the ozone layer?

A

When a chlorine atom encounters an ozone molecule, it takes one of the ozone’s 3 oxygen atoms and leaves an O2 oxygen molecule behind.

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9
Q

What happens when (CIO) chlorine monoxide collides with another ozone molecule?

A

The chlorine monoxide molecule releases its oxygen atom, forming two 02 oxygen molecules, leaving the chlorine free to attack another ozone molecule.

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10
Q

This can last in the stratosphere for 120 years and destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules.

A

A single chlorine atom.

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11
Q

When will chlorine in CFC and HCFC breakdown into compounds that dissolve in water and rain out of the atmosphere?

A

Never.

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12
Q

What do most Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) have?

A

High Global Warming Potential. (GWP)

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13
Q

What gas is used as a baseline to provide comparisons for the impact of global warming?

A

Carbon Dioxide.

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14
Q

How do HFCs like R-410A compare to CO2 that has a GWP of 1?

A

HFCs have thousands of times greater GWP.

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15
Q

These refrigerants have the lowest global warming potential compared to CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs.

A

Hydrocarbons (HC) and Hydrofluoroolefins (HFO).

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16
Q

Why are HFOs a good fit for HVACR equipment?

A

They have no ozone depleting characteristics and very low global warming potential.

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17
Q

What characteristic makes HFCs damaging to the environment?

A

They have very high global warming potentials.

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18
Q

According to ASHRAE, what class of refrigerants depending on their toxicity levels are safest to humans, class A or class B?

A

Class A.

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19
Q

What does an A3 classification indicate?

A

Low toxicity, high flammability.

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20
Q

What does an B2L classification indicate?

A

Higher toxicity, slight flammability.

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21
Q

What do CFC refrigerants contain?

A

Chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Highest ODP.

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22
Q

What are some examples of CFC refrigerants?

A

R-11 and R-12.

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23
Q

What do HCFCs contain?

A

Hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon.

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24
Q

This makes HCFCs a little less harmful to the ozone when compared to CFCs.

A

The hydrogen.

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25
What are some examples of HCFCs?
R-22 and R-123. ODP ranges between zero and one.
26
What are HFCs?
Refrigerants containing hydrogen. fluorine, and carbon atoms connected by single bonds between the atoms.
27
What effects do HFCs have, although they don't contain chlorine?
They effect global warming.
28
What are some examples of HFCs?
R-134a, R-410A, and R-404A
29
What are HFOs?
Refrigerants containing hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon atoms connected with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms.
30
What do HFOs have a very small effect on?
Global warming.
31
What are most HFOs classified as because of their mild flammability?
A2L. Low toxicity, slight flammability.
32
Which Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant is used in low pressure chillers?
R-1234yf.
33
These refrigerants are an elementary compound of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrocarbons (HC).
34
What refrigerants pose the least amount of danger to the environment?
Hydrocarbons. GWP less than 10. No ODP.
35
Which refrigerants are considered natural?
HC refrigerants such as Isobutane (R-600a) and Propane (R-290).
36
Can Propane cylinders used for grilling be used as a refrigerant?
No, they contain impurities and can damage refrigeration equipment.
37
These contain two or more refrigerants and act as a pure compound.
Azeotropic refrigerant mixtures. At a certain pressure, these mixtures evaporate and condense at a constant temperature.
38
What do Zeotropic or non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures have?
Mixtures of components with different boiling points, a blend of refrigerant.
39
What are blended refrigerants normally associated with?
Temperature glide, due to the blended parts having different pressures for the same saturation temperature.
40
How much can temperature glide range?
Few tenths of a degree to 12 degrees or more.
41
Zeotropic and some near-azeotropic use this when charging by condenser subcooling.
Bubble point (liquid).
42
Zeotropic and some near-azeotropic use this when charging by suction or evaporator superheat.
Dew point (vapor).
43
What is the relationship of pressures and temperatures based on?
Refrigerant's temperature glide.
44
What is the proper charging method for R-400 series blended refrigerants (near azeotropic blends)?
To weigh the refrigerant into the high side of the system as a liquid.
45
Why do blended refrigerants leak from a system unevenly?
The different vapor pressures affect the percentage of each refrigerant remaining in the system.
46
How do you add blended refrigerant to an undercharged system?
Liquid refrigerant is throttled into the low side with the system operating.
47
What is fractionization?
Refrigerant leaking at uneven rate due to different vapor pressures.
48
High-temperature glide refrigerants may.
Easily experience fractionation. (R-407C)
49
Regulates amount of refrigerant in new systems by type and use.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
50
Can not be mixed with any other types of oils, is very hygroscopic and will absorb moisture through some containers.
Ester-based oils.
51
What refrigerants have a pressure between 30 psig and 155 psig?
Medium-Pressure. R-12, R-124, R-134a, R-600a.
52
High-pressure refrigerants range from?
155 psig to 340 psig. R-22, R-404A, R-410A.
53
International treaty that addresses ozone-depleting substances.
Montreal Protocol.
54
What types of refrigerants are being or have been phased by the U.S.?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC).
55
Section 608 certification allows
A technician to purchase or handle regulated refrigerants.
56
Distributors that sell any regulated refrigerant must do what.
Verify the purchaser is, or employs, a Section 608 certified technician.
57
What must anyone who violates the refrigerant circuit have, including removal or replacement of components containing a regulated refrigerant?
Certified at the proper level and have the required recovery equipment.
58
When performing any activity regulated by Section 608
Technician must have their Section 608 certification card in their possession.
59
What is knowingly illegal in service, maintenance, repair, or disposal of appliances?
Release of CFC, HCFC, or HFC refrigerants.
60
Where can a technician request a replacement Section 608 certification card?
Their certifying organization.
61
Is a Section 608 certification required when servicing sections of the system not involved with refrigerant components?
No.
62
What consequences do service technicians that violate the clean air act face?
Penalties, fines, court appearances, and possible lose of certification.
63
What could happen if you service a CFC or HCFC system after it has been phased out?
Nothing, it is not a violation of the Clean Air Act.
64
What must happen to used refrigerant for it to be reclaimed?
Must meet AHRI standard 700 before it can resold under EPA's regulations.
65
What is a self-contained recovery device?
A device that removes refrigerant from an appliance without the assistance of the appliance.
66
EPA require appliances have this for easier recovery.
A service valve, service aperture, or a process stub.
67
This can void equipment warranty, ruin the refrigerant, and cause severe personal injury.
Topping off refrigerant with another type of refrigerant.
68
Who is responsible for ensuring any CFC, HCFC, or HFC refrigerant has been removed before disposal?
The final person in the disposal chain.
69
Why must we keep records of recovered refrigerant?
To ensure venting does not take place after recovery.
70
What is considered a leak trace gas that may be released without recovery?
Nitrogen mixed with only a few ounces of refrigerant.
71
What three things can be done with recovered refrigerant?
Charged into the same system, charged into another system with the same ownership, or shipped into an approved reclaimer.
72
What type of refrigerant is cleaned by replaceable core filter-driers to reduce moisture, acidity, and particulates?
Recycled Refrigerant.
73
What may recycled refrigerant be charged into?
The same system or another system with the same ownership.
74
What is reclaimed refrigerant?
Recovered refrigerant processed to a level equal to new (virgin) product specifications as determined by the chemical analysis.
75
Where is refrigerant usually reclaimed?
Chemical processing company.
76
What must all recovery and/or recycling equipment manufactured after 1993 have?
An EPA-approved certification label or certified by an approved testing organization.
77
How does a passive or system dependent recovery device capture refrigerant?
The components (compressor) in the appliance assist with recovery.
78
What kind of hoses should be used for recovery to avoid excessive pressure drop and increased recovery time?
Short and large diameter hoses.
79
Why should you not mix different refrigerants in the same container during recovery?
It may be impossible to reclaim and more expensive to destroy.
80
Where can liquid refrigerant get trapped during recovery?
In the service hose between closed valves.
81
What can happen if the wrong type of leak detector is used with flammable refrigerant?
An explosion and bodily injuries.
82
When are electronic and ultrasonic leak detectors most effective?
To determine the general area of a small leak.
83
What will aid in pinpointing a leak once the general area is located?
Soap bubbles.
84
What must be done after repairing a leak but before recharging the system?
New filter drier installation and complete standing-pressure leak check at maximum system pressure.
85
Why can't flammable refrigerants indicate their presence?
They do not contain odorants.
86
How do you remove water and water vapor from a refrigeration system?
Dehydrating a system by evacuation to 500 microns or lower.
87
What does a system that does not hold a vacuum indicate?
A leak or moisture in the system.
88
How does heating the refrigeration system help during evacuation?
Decreases dehydration time.
89
How should you pressurize a system with nitrogen?
Through a pressure regulator and relief valve downstream.
90
How should you install more than one pressure relief valve when pressurizing a system?
They must be parallel to each other.
91
Where is the maximum low-side test pressure value located?
The equipment data plate.
92
Why should you never pressurize a system with oxygen or compressed air?
Oxygen or compressed air can cause an explosion when mixed with some refrigerants or compressor oil.
93
What materials are used in seals and gaskets that are not compatible with HFO refrigerants?
Silicone elastomers.
94
What is a major cause of fatal refrigerant accidents?
Oxygen deprivation.
95
How much can a recovery cylinder be filled?
No more than 80% of its capacity by weight.
96
How can you identify approved refrigerant recovery cylinders?
They have yellow colored tops and gray bodies.
97
How can you control the fill level of the recovery cylinder?
By mechanical float device, electronic shut-off device, or measuring the gross cylinder weight.
98
What kind of reusable containers must be hydrostatically test every 5 years?
Containers under high pressure (above 15 psig).
99
What must be attached to the cylinders when transporting used refrigerant?
DOT classification tag and label.
100
What must be positioned upright when shipped?
Refrigerant cylinders.

EPA Sec608 (4 decks)

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