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Chemistry OCR A > Core Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Core Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by a “hydrocarbon”

A

A compound made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms

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2
Q

Some hydrocarbons are unsaturated, what does this mean

A

They contain double covalent bonds

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3
Q

Alkanes are a homologous series, what does this mean

A

A series of compounds in the same functional group whose successive reactions differ by CH

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4
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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5
Q

Give the structural formula of butane

A

C4H10

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6
Q

What is determined by the functional group of an organic molecule

A

The characteristics of their reactions

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7
Q

What is meant by the term aliphatic

A

A chain of carbons that are open (not rings)

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8
Q

Benzene is a special type of ring structure, what can it be described as

A

A six carbon ring with a pie cloud

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9
Q

Alkanes are saturated carbons, so contain only _______
carbon-carbon and
_______-hydrogen bonds

A

Single. Carbon.

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10
Q

What is a carbon chain that contains at least one double covalent bond between carbons

A

Alkene

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11
Q

Name the following compounds

A) C6H14
B) C3H8
C) C9H20

A

A) hexane
B) propane
C) nonane

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12
Q

How many carbon atoms make up the following alkanes

A) Butane
B) Methane
C) Octane

A

A) 4
B) 1
C) 8

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13
Q

What is the name given to a saturated cyclic 6 carbon ring

A

Cyclohexane

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14
Q

An organic compound has the formula CH3CHO identify its functional group

A

Aldehyde

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15
Q

What is the functional group of in an alcohol

A

R-O-H

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16
Q

What is meant by the empirical formula

A

The ratio of elements in a compound but not the actual number or arrangement

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17
Q

Give the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

18
Q

Give the molecular formula for an alkene with 15 carbons

A

C15H30

19
Q

Draw the skeletal formula of ethanal

A

/\/OH

20
Q

Give the structural formula for heptane

A

C7H16

21
Q

What is the name given to isomers with the same molecular formula but a different structure

A

Structural isomers

22
Q

What is homolytic fission

A

Chemical bond dissociation of a molecule where each of the fragments retain one of the originally bonded electrons

23
Q

What is produced in heterolytic fission

A

Carbanions (+ve)

Carbocations (-ve)

24
Q

Curly arrows are used in reaction mechanisms to show _________

A

Flow of electrons

25
Q

Alkenes generally undergo what type of reaction

A

Addition reactions

26
Q

In some reactions, a functional group is replaced by a different group, what is this type of mechanism

A

Substitution reaction

27
Q

When a small molecule is removed from a compound and leaves behind an alkene, what is the type of reaction known as

A

Elimination reaction

28
Q

What is the general formula for the alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

29
Q

Every carbon in an alliance has four single, covalent bonds, what type of bond are these single covalent bonds

A

Sigma bonds

30
Q

What is the approximate bond angle around each carbon atom in an alkane

A

109.5^o

31
Q

Why does the boiling point of the alkanes increase with increasing chain length

A

Longer chains means greater surface area resulting in stronger London forces between molecules, more energy is then needed to seperate molecules

32
Q

As alkenes become branched, what happens to the boiling points and why

A

The boiling points decrease because the surface area with the London forces acting between chains decreases

33
Q

Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of pentane

A

C5H12+8O2—>5CO2+6H2O

34
Q

What products are formed during incomplete combustion

A

CO and H2O

35
Q

Poorly maintained household boilers can leak products of incomplete combustion, why does this pose a health hazard

A

The production of CO is dangerous as carbon monoxide is poisonous

36
Q

Alkanes can react with halogens such as chlorine to grrat a chloro-alkane, name the mechanism for the type of reaction

A

Radical Substitution

37
Q

Name the three stages that take place in radical substitution

A

1) initiation
2) propagation
3) termination

38
Q

Using Cl2 as a starting material, describe the conditions required for the initial stage of the free radical substitution reaction

A

The bond in Cl-Cl is broken by homolytic fission and the electrons are shared between the atoms

39
Q

Give two equations to show the main stage of the reaction using ethane as the organic molecule

A

C2H6 Cl• —> CH5• + HCl

CH5• + Cl2 —> CH5Cl + Cl•

40
Q

The final stages of the reaction involve radicals reacting with radicals, write three equations to show this happening for the reaction between Chlorine and Ethane

A

Cl• + Cl• —> Cl2

Cl• + CH5• —> CH

Chemistry OCR A (4 decks)

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