Core Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Functional group
Group of atoms responsible for
Characterised reactions of a compound
Alkyl group
Formula CnH2n+1
Aliphatic
Compound
Carbon and hydrogen joined in starlight chain
branches
non-aromatic rings
Alicyclic
Aliphatic compound
Non aromatic rings
With or without addition chains
Aromatic
Compound
Benzene ring
Saturated
Single C-C bonds only
Unsaturated
Multiple C-C bonds
Including double and triple and aromatic rings
Structural isomers
Same molecular formula
Different structural formulae
Homolytic fission (3)
Breaking of covalent bond
Each of bonded atoms take one electing from bond
To form radicals
Heterolytic fission (3)
Breaking of covalent bond
Where one of bonded atoms receives both electrons from the bond
To form an ion
Homologous series
Series of organic compounds that have
- Same functional group
- Similar chemical properties
- Each successive member differing by CH2
Three stages of radical substitution
Initiation-
UV light added to halogen to form radical halogen
Propagation-
Radical halogen reacts alkane or haloalkane
To form radical alkane and acid
Or
Radical alkane reacts with halogen to for radical halogen and alkane
Termination-
Two radicals react to form non-radical
Why can carbon form large compounds (3)
- Can form single, double and triple bonds with other carbon atoms
- Bonds to O, N and halogens
- form chains of carbon
Radical
Species with an unpaired electron
How is ethanol created? (2)
- Hydrolysis of ethane
- Fermentation of sugar into ethanol and water
