Core organic chemistry Flashcards
Define homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
Define functional group
a group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound
what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
hydrocarbon With carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain
what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
HCs arranged in non-aromatic rings or without side chains
what is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring
define structural isomer
when molecules have the same molecular formula but a different structural formulae
What are stereoisomers?
organic compounds with the same structural formula but have a different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E-Z Isomerism and how are they differentiated?
Caused by limited rotation around Carbon double bond
E: If the two substituents with the highest atomic number (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules) are on opposite/different sides of the double bond
Z: if they are on the same side
What is Cis-Trans isomerism?
special type of E/Z where substituents on each carbon atom are the same
What is homolytic fission?
each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals
What is heterocyclic fission?
When one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair
What are radicals?
a species with an unpaired electron
