Core Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is Avagadros law?

Answer 1

Equal volumes of gasses, at same temperature and pressure , contain the same number of particles

Question 2

What is room temp and pressure?

Answer 2

1 atmosphere
298 kelvin (25+273)

Question 3

Equation for gas volume at RTP

Answer 3

Gas volume = moles x molar volume (24dm3)

Question 4

What is the ideal gas equation ?

Answer 4

Pressure x volume = moles x gas constant x temperature
(pV = nRT)

Question 5

What is the gas constant ?

Answer 5

8.314J/mol-1

Question 6

Define relative atomic mass

Answer 6

The weighted mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12 of the mass of carbon 12

Question 7

Define percentage yield

Answer 7

The amount of product you actually have as a percentage of the amount you theoretically should have

Question 8

Define atom economy

Answer 8

Mass of product desired as a percentage of the mass of product made

Question 9

Define structural formula

Answer 9

Smallest amount of detail possible to show arrangement of molecule

Question 10

Define Homologous

Answer 10

Series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 11

What is the functional group?

Answer 11

Atoms or atom groups that affect the chemical properties of a organic compound

Question 12

Define isomerism

Answer 12

Compounds with the same molecular formula are arranged different ways

Question 13

Define metallic bonding

Answer 13

Electrostatic attraction between metal cations and delocalised electrons

Question 14

Why doesn’t metal shatter when hit?

Answer 14

Electrons can re-establish bonds in a new structure

Question 15

Define Saturated compound

Answer 15

Single covalent bonds between carbon satins

Question 16

Define unsaturated compound

Answer 16

Double covalent bonds between carbon atoms

Question 17

Define sigma bond

Answer 17

Formed from the overlap of two orbitals in between bonding atoms

Question 18

Define heterolytic fission

Answer 18

Shared electrons go to just one of the atoms creating ions common in polar bonds

Question 19

Define homolytic fission

Answer 19

One of the two electrons goes to each atom creating radical atoms they occur in none polar bonds

Question 20

Define stereoisomerism

Answer 20

Compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangement in space

Question 21

What is the difference between a cis and trans isomer?

Answer 21

Cis isomer hydrogen atoms are positions on same side of a cyclo alkane

Trans isomer hydrogen atoms are positions on opposite sides of a cyclo alkane

Question 22

Why does more alkyl groups increase stability

Answer 22

Alkyl group has a greater electron density than hydrogen reducing posotive charge

Question 23

What is a PI bond

Answer 23

Horizontal Overlap of two P-orbitals each carbon contributes one electron to the pair

Question 24

What does a pi bond do?

Answer 24

Due to high electron density concentrated above and below the molecule there is no rotation from the molecule
120degree bond angle formed

Question 25

How are polymers formed

Answer 25

Free radical reactions at high pressure in presence of initiator

Question 26

What are biodegradable and photodegradable polymers

Answer 26

Bio- broken down by microorganisms
Photo- binds weakened by UV light

Question 27

What are primary secondary and tertiary alcohols

Answer 27

Primary - OH found at end of chain
Secondary - OH found in the chain
Tertiary - OH attached to carbon with no Hydrogens

Question 28

Why is boiling point high on alcohols

Answer 28

Alcohols are polar so they have hydrogen bonding in between molecules

Question 29

Why does Miscibility decrease in alcohol

Answer 29

As carbon chain increases less polar influence from the hydroxyl group

Question 31

What happens when alcohol is oxidised at reflux in a h+/k2Cr2O7

Answer 31

Primary - turns into aldehyde
Secondary - turns into keytone
Tertiary- nothing H near carbon