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Physics > Core Knowledge-atomic structure > Flashcards

Core Knowledge-atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Define an atom

A

The smallest part of an element

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2
Q

All substances are made up of…?

A

Atoms

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3
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1nm

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4
Q

What is The overall charge on an atom

A

Zero or neutral

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5
Q

Define an element

A

Contains only one type of atom

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6
Q

Define an isotope

A

An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons

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7
Q

Define radioactive decay

A

An unstable nucleus changes to become more stable and gives out radiation

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8
Q

We cannot predict when an atom will decay, what does this mean that radioactive decay is?

A

Random

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9
Q

Define activity

A

Rate of which decay occurs

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10
Q

What are the units of activity?

A

Becquerels (Bq)

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11
Q

Define count rate

A

Number of decays recorded each second by w Geiger-Muller tube

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12
Q

Define half life

A

The time taken for a number of radioactive nuclei in a sample to halve or Time taken for count right (or activity) from a sample to fall to half its initial value

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13
Q

Define contamination

A

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms

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14
Q

Define irradiation

A

When an object is exposed to radiation

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15
Q

Does an irradiatedobject become radioactive itself

A

No

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16
Q

What is the process of radiation removing electrons from atoms to form ions called?

A

Ionisation

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17
Q

What can happen if DNA is ionised?

A

Mutations which may result in cancer

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18
Q

Define peer review

A

Checking of scientists results by other scientific experts

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19
Q

Define mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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20
Q

Define atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom (Number of electrons is the same in a neutral atom)

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21
Q

Where are electrons located in an atom?

A

Energy levels

22
Q

Who came up with the plum pudding model of the atom

A

J J Thompson

23
Q

Describe the plum pudding model

A

A ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

24
Q

What experiment did Rutherford do

A

Alpha particle scattering

25
Q

What did Rutherford‘s experiment reveal

A

Atoms have a central area of positive charge with electrons surrounding it

26
Q

Who discovered the electrons are located in energy levels

A

Neils Bohr

27
Q

What did James Chadwick discover about the atom

A

That the nucleus contains neutrons as well as protons

28
Q

What did John Dalton contribute to our understanding of atomic theory

A

Matter is made up of discrete, spherical particles known as atoms

29
Q

Name the three subatomic particles

A

Proton, neutron and electron

30
Q

Which particles are located in the atoms nucleus

A

Protons and neutrons

31
Q

What is the charge of each subatomic particle

A

Proton +1, neutron 0 and electron -1

32
Q

What is the mass of each subatomic particle

A

Proton 1, neutron 1 and electron ≈ 0

33
Q

Name the three types of radiation

A

Alpha, beta and gamma

34
Q

What is an alpha particle

A

Two protons and two neutrons

35
Q

What is a beta particle

A

An electron

36
Q

What is gamma radiation

A

Electromagnetic waves (not a particle)

37
Q

What is the range of alpha radiation in Air

A

Short - 5CM

38
Q

What is the range of gamma radiation in air

A

Unlimited

39
Q

What is the range of beta radiation in air

A

Medium – about 1m

40
Q

What will absorb/stop Alpha radiation

A

Paper/skin

41
Q

What will absorb/stop beta radiation

A

About 5mm aluminium

42
Q

What will absorb/stop gamma radiation

A

Several centimetres of lead

43
Q

What is the ionising power of alpha radiation

A

Very high

44
Q

What is the ionising power of beta radiation

A

Medium

45
Q

What is the ionising power of gamma radiation

A

Low

46
Q

How does Alpha decay alter the mass number of the parent nucleus

A

Decreases by 4

47
Q

How does Alpha decay alter the atomic number of the parent nucleus

A

Decreases by 2

48
Q

How does beys decay Alter the mass number of the parent nucleus

A

Stays the same

49
Q

How does beta decay alter the atomic number of the parent nucleus

A

Increases by 1

50
Q

How does gamma radiation alter the mass and atomic number of the parent nucleus

A

unchanged (energy is released as the particles in the nucleus reorganise to a lower energy arrangement)

Physics (1 decks)

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