core knowledge 1929-1941 Flashcards
what economic policy did stalin reject?
the NEP
what was stalin’s economic policy called?
the ‘Great Turn’
what was stalin’s main aim with his economic policy?
to improve industry
when did stalin gain power?
1929
what was stalin’s phrase when it came to why he wanted to compete with the west?
‘either we do it or we shall be crushed’
how many five year plans did stalin introduce?
3
what did the five year plans lead to?
a huge increase in heavy industry but a lack of consumer goods
what were the dates of the five year plans?
•first 5 year plan (1928-1932)
•second 5 year plan (1933-1937)
•third 5 year plan (1938-1942)
which 2 projects showed large soviet success?
•Magnitogorsk
•Dnieper Dam
what soviet project had a huge human cost?
White Sea Canal
what did collectivisation merge smaller farms into?
kolkhoz
by march 1930 how many peasants had been collectivised?
over half
how many peasants had been collectivised by 1939?
90%
when was the famine in ukraine and how many deaths did it cause?
•1932-33
•led to over 3 million
what did dekulakisation aim to do?
to remove kulaks who were seen as ‘enemies of the people’
by 1934 what percentage of kulaks had been arrested or deported?
75%
what system of Lenin’s did Stalin maintain and extend?
his one party rule and centralised control
what position did stalin hold and what did it entail?
•General Secretary
•stalin controlled major appointments in the party and he developed a bureaucracy of loyal servants
what was the cult of personality?
a series of propaganda that emphasised Stalin as a god- like figure
between what dates were there no congress gatherings?
between 1934 and 1939
what was a key feature of stalin’s rule to maintain control?
terror
by what date had the mechanisms of terror been established?
early 1930s
what is an example of a show trial?
the 1928 Shakhty Trial
what are Gulags?
corrective labour camps
what happened to stalin’s wife?
she committed suicide in 1932
what did stalin do following the suicide of his wife and after facing further criticism?
he turned on his own party, almost a million were excluded from the party and a number of high profile Bolsheviks were killed
which high profile Bolsheviks were killed?
Kirov (1934)
Zinoviev (1936)
Kamenev (1936)
what dates did the great terror occur between?
from 1937-1938 onwards
who was the great terror directed at?
ordinary citizens
who led the great terror?
Yezov and the NKVD
what proportion of the soviet population were arrested during the purges?
1 in 18
what did the Stakhanovite movement emphasise?
hard work
in 1940, what percentage of the workforce were women?
43%
when was the Konsomol formed?
1918
how many members did the Konsomol have by 1941?
10 million members
what did Lenin advocate for and what did it entail?
•he advocated for militant atheism
•he separated church and state in 1918
how many monasteries did lenin liquidate by 1921?
579
under stalin, by 1940 what had the number of Orthodox churches fallen to?
it had fallen to 500 from nearly 30,000
what was the Glavit?
a literary censorship body
when was the Glavit established?
in 1922
