Core Drugs Flashcards
what family of drugs is amoxicillin
aminopenicillin
what is amoxicillin used to treat
- S. pyogenes infections (sore throat, skin infections)
- pneumococcal infections (respiratory tract)
- susceptible E. coli infections (urinary tract)
what is amoxicillin’s mechanism of action
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
what is amoxicillin’s oral bioavailability
good
what are amoxicillin’s adverse effects
- allergy
- damage to commensal microflora
what family of drugs is clarythromycin
macrolide
what is clarythromycin used to treat
in case of patients with penicillin allergies:
- S. pyogenes infections (sore throat, skin infections)
- pneumococcal infections (respiratory tract)
- susceptible E. coli infections (urinary tract)
also effective against cell wall deficient bacteria eg mycobacterium and chlamydia
what is clarythromycin’s mechanism of action
targets the 50S ribosome subunit
what is clarythromycin’s mechanism of resistance
mutational target modification
how is clarythromycin excreted
metabolites in bile
what are clarythromycin’s adverse effects
- nausea
- diarrhoea
- may alter cardiac conduction, arrhythmias
what family of drugs is vancomycin
glycopeptide
what is vancomycin used to treat
- gram positive infections only
- MRSA
what is vancomycin’s mechanism of action
inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis with a different target to beta lactams
what is vancomycin’s mechanism of resistance
- target modification
- cell wall thickening, so reduced permeability
