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Year 3 > Core conditions Respiratory > Flashcards

Core conditions Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Generic treatment for Staph. Aureas infections?

A

Flucloxicillin

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2
Q

Generic treatment for Strep infections?

A

Penicillin

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3
Q

List the common presentations of Respiratory conditions.

A 
Cough
Sputum  - clear, yellow, green
Haemoptysis
Wheeze/Stridor
Chest pain - pleuritic
SOB
Cyanosis
Weight loss
Clubbing
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4
Q

Name the common Respiratory condtions.

A 
Asthma
COPD
PE
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Bronchial carcinoma
Lobar pneumonia
Pulmonary fibrosis
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5
Q

What is the most common Occupational disease?

A

Asthma

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6
Q

Asthma = ?

A

Chronic inflammation of the small airways

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7
Q

Risk factors of asthma?

A

FH/PMH (atopic triad)
Parental smoking
Low birth weight
Premature birth

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8
Q

A ten year old boy comes into the GP and has asthma, he presents as having…

A 
Cough   (esp noctural)
\+/- sputum
SOB (exertion)
Wheeze
Chest tightness
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9
Q

You go on to examine the boy for signs of asthma. What would you look out for?

A

Use of accessory muscles

Auscultation - wheeze

Peak flow - low

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10
Q

Diffrentials of asthma in children?

A

Viral-induced wheeze
CF
Tumour

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11
Q

The diffrentials of asthma differ in adults. What are they?

A 
COPD
Bronchiectasis
Inhaled foreign body
PE
Pneumothorax
Lung Cancer
Sarcoidosis
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12
Q

The boy in the GP goes to see the HCA for spirometry. What results would you expect to see with asthma?
What would you see in a CXR?

A

FEV/FEV1 < 0.7 (reversible with Salbutamol)

CXR - hyper-inflated lungs

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13
Q

State the treatment for asthma.

How would you explain it to the patient?

A

SABA e.g. Salbutamol (blue inhaler, reliever)

/LABA - Sameterol, Foromterol

Corticosteroid e.g. Beclametasone, Predisolone (Brown inhaler - preventer)

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14
Q

You advise the asthma patient to avoid their triggers. What could they be?

A

House-duse mite
Exercise
Cold
Air-bourne irritants

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15
Q

Name possible complications of asthma in children/adults.

A

Acute exacerbations
Delayed growth/puberty
Cor pulmonale
Impaired QoL

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16
Q

The patient asks what the side effects of Salbutamol are. What would you say?

A

Tremor
Palpitations
Decrease [K+]

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17
Q

COPD is irreversible and progressive. What 2 conditions make up COPD?

A

Chronitic bronchitis

Emphysema

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18
Q

Who tends to get COPD?

A

Smokers
Coal miners (occupational)
> 35yrs

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19
Q

The presentation of COPD is similar to asthma. What additional presentation may they have in COPD?

A

Cough, sputum, wheeze, SOB

COR PULMONALE

20
Q

What signs would you see in a patient that would suggest COPD?

A 
SOB - use of accessory muscles
Cyanosis
Pursed lips
Peak flow - low
Auscultation - wheeze

Pulmonary oedema, raised JVP - Cor pulmonale

21
Q

Investigations for COPD are the same as asthma i.e Spirometry, CXR. What would find in COPD?

A

FEV/FEV1 < 0.7 (irreversible after Salbutamol)

CXR: Hyper-inflated chest

22
Q

What are the diffrentials of COPD?

think of persistent cough

A 
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Lung Cancer
Interstitial Lung D
TB
Anaemia
23
Q

State treatments used in COPD.

A 
SABA
LABA
SAMA
LAMA
Corticosteroid
02
24
Q

The complications of COPD are numerous. State some of them.

A 
Acute exacerbations
Recurrent infections
2" polycythaemia 
Cor pumonale
Lung Cancer
Disbaility
Depression
25
Q

PE = clot in pulmonary venous system from leg veins causing obstruction and therefore reduced gas exchnage and reduced cardiac ouput.

T/F?

A

F

Clot in pulmonary ARTERIAL system

26
Q

Name the risk factors of PE.

A 
Previous PE
DVT/Previous DVT
Immobolisation - surgery, leg fracture
Pregnancy
Cancer
obesity
27
Q

You walk into an elderly ward and are told by the nurse that one of the patients is having a PE. What symptoms would you expect the patient to have?

A

Sudden SOB
Pleuritic chest pain
Haemoptysis
Syncope/Dizzy

28
Q

What signs are common in PE?

A 
Tachypnoea  > 25 bpm
Tachycardia  > 100bpm
Hypotension
Fever/Cough
Cyanosis
Raised JVP
Pleural rub
Syncope
29
Q

The diffrentals of PE are numerous and cover acute conditions in which systems?

A

RESPIRATORY - ARDS, pneumothorax

CV - Acute coronoary syndromes, Angina, Cardiogenic shock, Aortic stenosis, Core pulmonale, Cardiomypoathy, AF

NEUROLOGICAL - syncope

PSYCHOLOGICAL - Anxiety

30
Q

You suspect the patient on the ward has a PE. What investigations would you do?

A 
CT pulmonary angiography
D-Dimer   (low specificity)
ABG
ECG
FBC, U&amp;Es, Clotting

(Two level PE Well’s score)

31
Q

Treatment for PE has a pathway. Describe the pathway for a small PE.

A

02 –> Morphine –> LMW Heparin (Tinziparin) –> Warfarin (If systolic BP > 90mmHg)

32
Q

What is the treatment pathway for a massive PE?

A

02 –> Morphine –> Thrombolysis (Alteplase)/ Surgery –> If systolic BP < 90mmHG, colloid fluids –> if BP still low, Noradrenaline

33
Q

What is the condition where the lung collapses due to air collection in the pleural cavity?

A

PNEUMOTHORAX

34
Q

Tension pneumothorax is an emergency. T/F?

A

T

35
Q

How many types of pneumothorax are there? What are they?

A

2 types:

1” pneumothorax = spontaneous

2” pneumothorax = ass with underlying Lung D/ Conn Tissue D

36
Q

Which type of pneumothorax typically occurs in young thin males/ in trauma/iatrogenic/rupture of sub-pleural bulla?

A

1” pneumothorax

37
Q

2” pneumothorax can occur with underlying lung D e.g. asthma, COPD, pneumonia, lung abscess, cancer etc..and what other underlying conditions?

A

Conn Tissue Disorders:

  • Marfan’s
  • Enlos-Danlos
38
Q

State the 5 risk factors for pneumothorax.

A 
Tall
Smoking
Lung D
Conn Tissue Disorder
Sub-pleural bulla
39
Q

What symptoms would a patient complain of in pneumothorax?

A

ASYMPTOMATIC

Sudden SOB
+./- pleuritic chest pain

Deterioration of Lung D

40
Q

Symptoms of pneumothorax are similar to PE minus haemoptysis. What signs would you see that would rule out PE?

A

Reduced expansion
Hyper-resonant - percussion
Reduced breath sounds - auscultation
Tachycardia

41
Q

A pneumothorax presents similar to a PE. What are the other diffrentials?

A

Same diffrentials as PE

acute

42
Q

How would you treat pneumothorax?

A

Chest drain
Aspiration
02, 100%

43
Q

What is the main complication of pneumothorax?

A

RECURRENCE

44
Q

What is the term given for fluid in pleural cavity from transudates or exudates?

A

Pleural effusion

45
Q

Pleural effusions can be ASYMPTOMATIC. If they are not, what symptoms could a patient complain of?

A

SOB

Pleuritic chest pain

Year 3 (2 decks)

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