Core concepts to know

Question 1

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 1

• blumer
• The meaning ascribed to the concept of a word is different for everyone depending on your context,
• example dogs are cute, but for someone whos been bitten they might vision them as aggressive

Question 2

Looking-glass self

Answer 2

• cooley
• individuals base their sense of self off of how others view them
• appearing more confident in an interview due to approving looks from panel interviewers

Question 3

Dramaturgy

Answer 3

Every interaction we have a script costume and a set that defines how we act in a certain situation

Question 4

Impression management

Answer 4

• The process whereby we attempt to shape another person’s perception of us
• You wear dress pants or a skirt to a job interview instead of wearing your favorite jeans
• The clerk tries to appear busier when a supervisor is watching

Question 5

backstage/frontstage

Answer 5

• backstage: Individuals let their guard down and do things that would be inappropriate or unexpected
• Frontstage: Where people feel compelled to present themselves in expected ways

Question 6

Definitional disruption

Answer 6

Disruption of the definition of the situation can cause society to feel uncomfortable

Question 7

Roles/teams

Answer 7

• Set of expectations that we attach to a social position
• Groups of people who work together in complementary roles to maintain the definition of the situation

Question 8

Rational choice theory

Answer 8

• People weigh costs and benefits and act
• Accounts for why individuals make certain choices and take certain actions

Question 9

Choice structuring properties

Answer 9

Those single or multiple features of particular criminal activities which make them differentially available and attractive to certain individuals at certain times

Question 10

Labeling theory

Answer 10

Explains what happens when the label deviant is applied to a person

Question 11

differential association theory

Answer 11

Criminal behavior is learned when you associate with other people who indulge in criminal behavior

Question 12

Governmentality; panopticism

Answer 12

a set of social practices that encompass surveillance in modern society

Question 13

Neoliberalism

Answer 13

• Separation of market and state
• Individuals are rational beings that behave according to a cost-benefit model
• Individuals are motivated by the competition engendered by a free market system

Question 14

Youth control complex

Answer 14

the boys are always being punished, stigmatized, monitored, and criminalized

Question 15

Criminalization

Answer 15

the act of turning an activity into a criminal offense by making it illegal

Question 16

hyper criminalization

Answer 16

the behaviors, styles, and activities that an individual indulges in every day that is viewed by society as deviant.

Question 17

material criminalization

Answer 17

the concrete experiences of harassment and punishment (detention, school suspension, incarceration)

Question 18

symbolic criminalization

Answer 18

the constant surveillance, feeling of stigma and degrading interactions but not actually acting

Question 19

symbolic punishment

Answer 19

racial microaggressions, security officer following a boy around a store because of the color of their skin

Question 20

over-policing under policing paradox

Answer 20

• coming home from the liquor store,
• gang member pushes him and spills milk,
• finds a police officer but he ignores Jose,
• moment when Jose learns police don’t care when he’s actually experiencing criminal behavior

Question 21

code of the streets

Answer 21

• a set of informal rules governing interpersonal public behavior, particularly violence

Question 22

organic capital

Answer 22

• The creative response the boys in this study developed in the midst of blocked opportunity and criminalization.
• a type of capital boys develop because they have been excluded from social and cultural capital

Question 23

dummy smart

Answer 23

A major form of resistance the boys use to mock the system

Question 24

acting lawful

Answer 24

avoiding police, knowing how to respect them and talk to them