Core Concepts in Quantum Physics Flashcards
Wave Function (ψ)
A mathematical function describing the quantum state of a particle, providing information about its probability distribution and behavior.
Probability Density
ψ
Normalized
A wave function is normalized when its integral over all space equals 1, ensuring that the total probability of finding the particle is 100%.
Expectation Value
The average value of a physical quantity, calculated by taking the integral of the product of the observable’s operator and the probability density.
Ground State
The lowest energy state of a quantum system, representing the most stable configuration.
Excited States
Higher energy states of a quantum system, accessible when the system gains energy.
Ground-State Energy
The energy of the ground state.
Quantum Particle Under Boundary Conditions
A quantum particle confined to a specific region of space, its behavior influenced by the boundaries of that region.
Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation
A fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes the spatial part of the wave function for a time-independent potential.
Square Well
A potential energy well with flat bottom and vertical sides, often used to model simple quantum systems.
Well
A region of low potential energy where a particle is likely to be found.
Nanotechnology
The manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale to create materials with novel properties.
Quantum Dot
A nanoscale semiconductor crystal with quantum confinement properties, exhibiting discrete energy levels.
Square Barrier
A potential energy barrier with a constant height and finite width.
Barrier Height
The energy difference between the top of the barrier and the potential energy of the particle.
