Core concepts - Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up reactions without being changed.

Question 2

Describe the Lock and Key hypothesis

Answer 2

Enzymes allow smaller molecules to fit into their active site, the shape of the active site matches the shape of its substrate molecules (making enzymes highly specific)

Question 3

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 3

If the enzyme is exposed to extreme pH or high temperatures the shape of their active site may change and the substrate will no longer fit into the enzyme.

Question 4

whats the equation for the rate of enzyme-catalysed reaction?

Answer 4

Rate of reaction = amount of substrate used or amount of product formed / time taken

Question 5

describe the effect of temperature on Enzymes

Answer 5

As temperature increases so does the rate of enzyme activity. An optimum activity is reached at the enzymes optimum temperature; a continued increase in temp results in a sharp decrease in activity as the enzymes active site changes and becomes denatured.

Question 6

describe the effects of pH on enzymes

Answer 6

As pH increases so does the rate of enzyme activity. An optimum activity is reached at the enzymes optimum pH; a continued increase in pH results in a sharp decrease in activity as the enzymes active site changes shape and becomes denatured.

Question 7

describe the effects of substrate concentration on enzymes

Answer 7

as substrate concentration increases so does the rate if enzyme activity. An optimum rate is reached at the enzymes optimum substrate concentration. A continued increase in substrate concentration results in the same activity as there are not enough enzyme molecules available to break down excess substrate molecules.

Question 8

Read the core practical on the effect of pH on enzyme activity.

Answer 8

Just read it u lazy ass bitch

Question 9

What are carbohydrates broken down by? Where is this enzyme found?

Answer 9

Carbohydrates are broken down into maltose by amylase, and can be further broken down by maltase into glucose. Amylase is produced in: Salivary glands, Pancreas and Small intestine.

Question 10

What are Proteins broken down by? where is this enzyme found?

Answer 10

Proteins are broken down into amino acids by protease. Protease is produced in: Stomach (pepsin), Pancreas and the small intestine.

Question 11

What are Lipids broken down by? Where is this enzyme found?

Answer 11

Lipids are broken down by Lipase into glycerol and fatty acids. Lipase is produced in : The pancreas and the small intestine.