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AZ-900 > Core Azure Services > Flashcards

Core Azure Services Flashcards

1
Q

What are the architectural components of Azure?

A

Geographies
Azure Regions
Availability Zones
Availability Sets

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2
Q

What is an Azure Region?

A

A geographical area on the planet containing at least one, but potentially multiple, data centers that are close together and networked together with a low latency network. Azure regions are 100s miles apart.

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3
Q

What is an Availability Zone?

A

Workloads spread over multiple locations. Physically separate locations within an Azure region that use 3 or more availability sets to provide additional fault tolerance. They are only available in some regions. Each availability zones operates independently with separate power, cooling and networking. They are connected by very fast private fibre optic networks. Use case: mission-critical applications can be run with high availability and low latency replication.

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4
Q

What is an availability set?

A

Workloads spread over multiple hosts, racks but still remain at the same data centre. There are fault domains and update domains to provide fault tolerance.

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5
Q

What is a Resource Group used for?

A

A resource group allows all resources for an application to be managed collectively across its lifecycle. Resource groups can be used to manage: metering & billing, policies, monitoring & alerts, quotas, access controls.

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6
Q

What is Azure Resource Manager (ARM)

A

ARM is a consistant interface with MS Azure. It is management layer in which all resources are created, configured, managed & deleted using a common API regardless of access via azure portal, command line, visual studio etc. ARM can be used to deploy application resources, organise resources, control access

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7
Q

What is a container?

A

A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so that applications run quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another.

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8
Q

What are Azure compute services?

A

On demand computing service for running cloud-based applications providing computing resources such as disk, processors, memory, networking and OS.

i.e. VMs, Virtual machine scale sets, App Services, Functions, Azure Container Instances, Azure Kubernetes Service

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9
Q

What are Azure Networking Services for?

A

Allow you to connect cloud and on premise infrastructure and services.
i.e Virtual Network, Load Balancer, VPN Gateway, Azure Application Gateway, Content Delivery Network

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10
Q

Describe Azure Virtual Machines

A

VMs are an Azure Compute IaaS service that lets you create and use virtual machines in the cloud. Used when you need total control over an IS and an environment as you can customise all the software running on a VM.

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11
Q

Describe Virtual Machine Scale Sets

A

An Azure Compute IaaS service that you can use to deploy and manage a set of identical VMs. VM scale sets support true auto scale, no pre-provisioning of VMs is required, machine instances are added and reduced in response to demand. This process can be manual, automated or a combo of both

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12
Q

Describe Azure Functions

A

Azure Compute PaaS service used to complete a small amount of work quickly (within seconds or less) when you are only concerned about running your code and not the underlying platform or service. Azure Functions run a serverless computing model as the underlying host environment is abstracted. Azure functions are stateless; they behave as if they’re restarted every time they respond to an event. Functions require the least setup and are a super quick way to run one specific bit of code.

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13
Q

Describe Azure Container Instances (ACI)

A

Azure Compute PaaS service offers the fastest and simplest way to run a container without having to manage any virtual machines or adopt any additional services. ACIs are not designed for elactisity or scaling

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14
Q

Describe Azure kubernetes services (AKS)

A

Asure Compute PaaS service is a complete orchestration service for containers with distributed architectures and large volume of containers. Automates and manages a large number of containers and their interaction providing elasticity, scalability and greater flexibility than ACI

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15
Q

Describe Azure Virtual Network

A

Enables Azure Resources (such as Azure VMs) to securely communicate with each other, the internet and on premise networks. With Virtual network you can provide: isolation, segmentation, communication with on-premise and cloud resources, routing and filtering of network traffic.

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16
Q

Can Virtual Networks exist across multiple regions

A

A virtual network is scooped into a single region, however multiple virtual networks from different regions can be grouped together using virtual network peering.

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17
Q

What is the function of Azure Load Balancer

A

A network device that diverts traffic between two or more servers to evenly distribute the load among several servers. It allows you to add additional servers to increase capacity without downtime.

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18
Q

Describe a VPN Gateway

A

Virtual Private Network gateway is used to send encrypted traffic between an Azure Virtual network and an on-premise location over the public internet. It provides a more secure connection from on-premise to Azure over the internet

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19
Q

Describe Azure Application Gateway

A

Essentially a more sophisticated type of Load Balancer that allows you to route traffic based on source IP address and port to a destination IP address and port. .

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20
Q

Describe Content Delivery Network (CDN)

A

It distributes static files such as images, videos, JavaScript files, and CSS files to servers all over the world to reduce the amount of traffic to your server and increase the speed of your application from the user’s perspective.

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21
Q

Describe Azure Storage services

A

Service you can use to store files, messages, tables and other info. You can use it on its own (i.e. file share) but developers also use it to store working data. Some of the most common storage service types in Azure are disks, files, objects, queues, and tables

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22
Q

Describe Azure Disk storage service

A

provides disks for virtual machines, applications and other services to access and use as they need similar to how they would on-premise. Disk storage allows data to be persistently stored and accessed from an attached virtual hard disk. The disk can be managed or unmanaged by Azure and therefore managed and configured by the u sers.
Use case:
- Lift and shift applications that read and write to persistent disks
- If you are storing data that is not required to be accessed from outside the VM the disk is attached to

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23
Q

Describe Azure Blob storage service

A

Microsoft’s object storage solution for the cloud.

Blob is optimized for storing massive amounts of unstructured data, such as text or binary data.

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24
Q

Describe Asure Files Service

A

Azure Files enables you to setup up highly available network file shares that can be accessed by using the standard Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. That means that multiple VMs can share the same files with both areas and write access. You can also read the files using the REST interface or the storage client libraries.

File shares Use case:

  • on-premise applications use file shares to make it easier to migrate those applications that share data to azure
  • configuration files can be stored on a file share and and accessed from multiple VMs
  • diagnostic logs, metrics and crash dumps can be written to file share and processed or analysed later
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25
Q

What is the benefit of using Azure files versus files on a traditional corporate file share?

A

You can access Azure files from anywhere in the world using a URL that points to the file and includes a shared access signature (SAS) token. You can generate SAS tokens; they allow specific access to a private asset for a specific amount of time.

26
Q

Describe Azure Queues service

A

Used to retrieve messages. Can be up to 64KB and contain millions of messages. Generally used to store lists of messages to be processed asychronously

27
Q

Describe Azure Table storage service

A

Stores large amounts of structured data. The service is a NoSQL datastore which accepts authentication calls from inside and outside the Azure cloud. Ideal for storing structured, non-relational data - your tables will scale with demand
Use case:
- storing tables of structured data capable of serving web scale applications
-Storing datasets that don’t require complex joins, foreign keys or stored procedures and can be denormalized for fast access
- Quickly querying data using a clustered index

28
Q

Describe Azure database services

A

Azure database services are fully managed PaaS database services that free up valuable time you’d otherwise spend managing your database. Enterprise-grade performance with built-in high availability means you can scale quickly and reach global distribution without worrying about costly downtime. Advantages include built-in security with automatic monitoring and threat detection, automatic tuning for improved performance and turnkey global distribution.
Common services: Asure Cosmos DB, Azure SQL Database, Azure Database Migration

29
Q

Describe Azure Cosmos DB

A

a globally distributed database service that enables you to elastically and independently scale throughput and storage across any number of Azure’s geographic regions. It supports schema-less data (data without a fixed structure) and let’s you build highly responsive and Always On applications to support constantly changing data. You can use Cosmos DB to store data that is updated and maintained by users around the world. It makes it easy to build scalable, highly responsive applications at global scale.

30
Q

Describe Azure SQL Database

A

A relational database as a service (DaaS) based on the latest stable version of the Microsoft SQL Server database engine. SQL Database is a high-performance, reliable, fully managed and secure database that you can use to build data-driven applications and websites in the programming language of your choose without needed to manage infrastructure.

31
Q

Describe Azure Database Migration Service

A

A fully managed service designed to enable seamless migrations from multiple database sources to Azure data platforms with minimal downtime (online migrations). The service uses the Microsoft Data Migration Assistant to generate assessment reports that provide recommendations to help guide you through required changes prior to performing a migrations. Once you assess and perform any remediation required you’re ready to begin the migration process. The Azure Database Migration Service performs all of the required steps.

32
Q

What is Azure Marketplace used for

A

Azure Marketplace is a service on Azure that helps connect end-users with Microsoft partners, independent software vendors (ISVs), and start-ups that are offering their solutions and services, which are optimized to run on Azure. Azure Marketplace allows customers - mostly IT professionals and cloud developers- to find, try, purchase, and provision applications and services from hundreds of leading service providers all certified to run on Azure.

33
Q

Describe the benefits and usage of core Azure architectural components

A 
Fault tolerance (within avaliability set for hardware, power, cooling) within availability zone for a whole datacenter, and with region pairs for a whole region
Disaster recovery
34
Q

What is different between VMs and Containers?

A

Containers and VMs have a similar resource isolation and allocation benefits but they function differently.
Containers virtualise the OS, VMs virtualise the hardware.
Containers are more portable and efficient
Containers take less space than virtual machines.
Virtual machines can be slow to boot, containers are quick

35
Q

Describe Azure Archival Storage

A

Provides a storage facility for the data that is rarely accessed. It allows you to archive legacy data at low cost. Archive storage is available as a tier of blob storage.
It is stored offline and offers the lowest storage costs, however it has highest access cost

36
Q

What is Cosmo DB

A

A globally distributed database service that enables you to elastically and independently scale throughput and storage across any number of Azure’s geographic regions. It supports schema-less data that lets you build highly responsive and Always On applications to support constantly changing data. You can use Cosmos DB to store data that is updated and maintained by users around the world. It makes it easy to build scalable, highly responsive applications at global scale

37
Q

What is Azure SQL Database

A

a relational database as a service (DaaS) based on the latest stable version of Microsoft SQL Server database engine. SQL Database is a high-performance, reliable, fully managed and secure database that you can use to build data-driven applications and websites in the programming language of your choice without needing to manage infrastructure

38
Q

What is Azure Database Migration Service

A

a fully managed service designed to enable seamless migrations from multiple database sources to Azure data platforms with minimal downtime (online migrations). The service uses the Microsoft Data Migration Assistant to generate assessment reports that provide recommendations to help guide you through required changes prior to performing a migration. Once you assess and perform any remediation required, you’re ready to begin the migration process. The Azure Database Migration Service performs all of the required steps.

39
Q

Describe Azure Database for MySQL and Azure Database for PostgreSQL

A

Managed versions of the two most popular open source databases, MySQL and PostgreeSQL.
i.e. Wordpress runs with MySQL in the backend. So if you want to run a WordPress website in azure, you can either host the MySQL database directly within your VM or app service, or you can use a hosted database such as the Asure Database for MySQL.

40
Q

What is Azure Synapse Analytics

A

Formerly SQL Data Warehouse, it is a cloud based enterprise data warehouse (EDW) that uses parallel processing (MPP) to quickly run complex queries across Peta bytes of data. You can use Synapse analytics as the data warehouse component of a big data solution. Once data is stored in Azure Synapse Analytics you can run analytics at massive scale. Compared to traditional database systems, analysis queries finish in seconds instead of minutes, or hours instead of days.

e.g. if you have data that you are going to run a power BI report on you store the data in the Azure Synapse Analytics service.

41
Q

IoT Central

A

IoT Central is a fully managed global IoT software as a service (SaaS) solution that makes it easy to connect, monitor, and manage your IoT assets at scale. No cloud expertise is required to use IoT Central. As a result, you can bring your connected products to market faster while staying focused on your customers.

42
Q

IoT Hub

A

Foundational PaaS offering for device connectivity, management and communication. You can use Azure IoT Hub to build IoT solutions with reliable and secure communications between millions of IoT devices and a cloud-hosted solution backend. You can connect virtually any device to your IoT Hub.

43
Q

Name Azure Big Data and Analytics Services

A

Azure Synapse Analytics, HDInsight, and Azure Databricks

44
Q

What is Azure HDInsight service?

A

Azure HDInsight is a fully managed, open-source analytics service for enterprises. It is a cloud service that makes it easier, faster, and more cost-effective to process massive amounts of data. HDInsight allows you run popular open-source frameworks and create cluster types such as Apache Spark, Apache Hadoop, Apache Kafka, Apache HBase, Apache Storm, Machine Learning Services. HDInsight also supports a broad range of scenarios such as extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL); data warehousing; machine learning; and IoT.

45
Q

What is Azure Databricks

A

A centralised service that allows you to pull data from external services, manipulate that data (transformations, analysis) then produce reports/BI. All members of the team from the technical to the business side will all be using Databricks as a central place to view, import and export data.

46
Q

Name Azure Artificial Intelligence services

A

Azure Machine Learning Service & Azure Machine Learning Studio

47
Q

Describe Azure Machine Learning Service

A

Machine Learning service provides a cloud-based environment that you can use to develop, train, test, deploy, manage, and track machine learning models.

48
Q

Describe Azure Machine Learning Studio

A

Azure Machine Learning Studio is a collaborative, drag-and-drop visual workspace where you can build, test, and deploy machine learning solutions without needing to write code. It uses pre-built and pre-configured machine learning algorithms and data-handling modules. Use Machine Learning Studio when you want to experiment with machine learning models quickly and easily, and the built-in machine learning algorithms are enough for your solutions. It does not provide as much control over machine learning algorithms as the Machine Learning Service.

49
Q

What is Serverless computing

A

Serverless computing is a cloud-hosted execution environment that runs your code but abstracts the underlying hosting environment. You create an instance of the service and you add your code. No infrastructure configuration or maintenance is required, or even allowed.

You configure your serverless apps to respond to events. An event could be a REST endpoint, a periodic timer, or even a message received from another Azure service. The serverless app runs only when it’s triggered by an event.

Scaling and performance are handled automatically, and you are billed only for the exact resources you use. You don’t even need to reserve resources.

Some of the most common serverless service types in Azure are Azure Functions, Azure Logic Apps, and Azure Event Grid.

50
Q

Describe Azure Logic Apps

A

Logic Apps is a cloud service that helps you automate and orchestrate tasks, business processes, and workflows when you need to integrate apps, data, systems, and services across enterprises or organizations. Logic Apps simplifies how you design and build scalable solutions—whether in the cloud, on premises, or both—for app integration, data integration, system integration, enterprise application integration (EAI), and business-to-business (B2B) integration.

Logic Apps are designed in a web-based designer and can execute logic triggered by Azure services without writing any code. To build enterprise integration solutions with Azure Logic Apps, you can choose from a growing gallery of over 200 connectors. These include services such as Salesforce, SAP, Oracle DB, and file shares.

51
Q

Describe Azure Event Grid

A

Event Grid allows you to easily build applications with event-based architectures. It’s a fully managed, intelligent event routing service that uses a publish-subscribe model for uniform event consumption. Event Grid has built-in support for events coming from Azure services, such as storage blobs and resource groups.

You can use Event Grid to support your own non-Azure-based events in near-real time, using custom topics. You can use filters to route specific events to different endpoints, and ensure your events are reliably delivered.

52
Q

Describe Azure DevOps Services

A

Azure DevOps Services includes development collaboration tools including high-performance pipelines, free private Git repositories, and configurable Kanban boards.

53
Q

Describe Azure DevTest Labs

A

A service that helps developers and testers quickly create environments in Azure, while minimizing waste and controlling cost. Users can test their latest application versions by quickly provisioning Windows and Linux environments using reusable templates and artifacts. You can easily integrate your deployment pipeline with DevTest Labs to provision on-demand environments. With DevTest Labs you can scale up your load testing by provisioning multiple test agents and create pre-provisioned environments for training and demos.

54
Q

What is Azure CLI

A

Azure CLI (command line interface) is an Azure Managment Tool. It is a cross-platform command-line program that connects to Azure and executes administrative commands on Azure resources. Cross platform means that it can be run on Windows, Linux, or macOS.

55
Q

What is Azure PowerShell

A

Azure Management Tool, Azure PowerShell is a module that you add to Windows PowerShell or PowerShell Core that enables you to connect to your Azure subscription and manage resources. Azure PowerShell requires Windows PowerShell to function. PowerShell provides services such as the shell window and command parsing. Azure PowerShell then adds the Azure-specific commands.

56
Q

What is Azure Portal

A

The Azure portal is a public website that you can access with any web browser. Once you sign-in with your Azure account, you can create, manage, and monitor any available Azure services. You can identify a service you’re looking for, get links for help on a topic, and deploy, manage, and delete resources. It also guides you through complex administrative tasks using wizards and tooltips.
The portal does not provide any way to automate repetitive tasks. For example, to set up multiple VMs, you would need to create them one at a time by completing the wizard for each VM. This can be time-consuming and error-prone for complex tasks.

57
Q

Asure Cloud Shell

A

Azure Cloud Shell is a browser-based scripting environment in your portal. It provides the flexibility of choosing the shell experience that best suits the way you work. Linux users can opt for a Bash experience, while Windows users can opt for PowerShell.

58
Q

What does Azure Advisor do?

A

Azure Advisor is a free service built into Azure that provides recommendations on high availability, security, performance, and cost. Advisor analyzes your deployed services and looks for ways to improve your environment across those four areas.
With Azure Advisor, you can:
- Get proactive, actionable, and personalized best practices recommendations.
- Improve the performance, security, and high availability of your resources as you identify opportunities to reduce your overall Azure costs.
- Get recommendations with proposed actions inline.

59
Q

Azure Resource Manager Templates use which format? HTML, JSON, XML

A

JSON. Resource Manager templates are JSON files that define the resources you need to deploy for your solution. You can use template to easily re-create multiple versions of your infrastructure, such as staging and production

60
Q

Azure Content Delivery Network

A

A Content Delivery Network is a distributed network of servers that can efficiently deliver web content to users.

61
Q

Define Availability Set

A

Availability Set refers to two or more Virtual Machines deployed across different fault Domains to avoid a single point of failure

62
Q

Define Availability Zone

A

Availability Zone is a fault-isolated area within an Azure region, providing redundant power, cooling and networking

AZ-900 (4 decks)

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