Core areas of psych Flashcards
developmental psychology
Define developmental psychology
The discipline that attempts to describe and explain changes that occur over time in the thought, behaviour, reasoning and functioning of a person due to biological, environmental influences
Define sensitive period
Refers to a limited time window in development during the effects of experience on the brain that are unusually strong.
What is the critical period?
Is where sensitive periods and their behaviour and neural substrates doesn’t develop normally
Define Organismic
Children participate in their own development through interactions with the environment
Cognitive adaptations occur through…
1) Assimilation - treat new objects / people/ situations like familiar ones
2) Adaptation - change how we think/behave to adapt to a new situation
Outline mechanistic
Humans are like time machines/computers
Passive until stimulated by an external factor e.g. behaviourism skinners operant conditioning
Why is it important to study developmental psychology?
1) Understand what typical development looks like
2) Identify children who are developing atypically/ falling behind their peers and put measures in place
What are the two types of motives identified by Maslow?
‘Deficiency motives’ and ‘growth motives’
Deficiency motives relate to basic needs, while growth motives relate to self-actualization and fulfillment.
What are the first four levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs referred to as?
Deficiency needs (D-needs)
These needs must be satisfied before one can focus on higher-level growth needs.
What is the top level of Maslow’s hierarchy known as?
Growth or being needs (B-needs)
This level represents self-actualization.
According to Maslow, what must individuals do before meeting higher-level growth needs?
Satisfy lower level deficit needs
This process reflects the hierarchical nature of Maslow’s theory.
What does self-actualization refer to?
Achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities
This is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy.
What are esteem needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
Prestige and feeling of accomplishment
Esteem needs are crucial for self-respect and recognition.
What do belongingness and love needs encompass?
Intimate relationships and friends
These needs highlight the importance of social connections.
What do safety needs include?
Security and safety
Safety needs are fundamental for personal stability and protection.
What are physiological needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
Food, water, warmth, rest
These are the most basic human survival needs.
Fill in the blank: The top level of Maslow’s hierarchy is known as _______.
Self-actualization
This level focuses on personal growth and fulfillment.
True or False: Individuals can focus on growth needs without first satisfying deficiency needs.
False
According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be met first.
