Core Flashcards
Lend lease act
In 1941, United States Congress could approve the presidents decision to lend materials and arms to the Allied powers. The US could support the Allied powers without being directly involved in fighting in the war
Isolationism
To remain uninvolved in war or foreign affairs with other countries. During the 1930s, many Americans wanted FDR to continue his practice of isolationism. Americans have suffered during the Great Depression and remembered the horrors caused by intervening in World War I to untangle European conflicts
Oil embargo
You was cut off oil trade to Japan in order to curb their aggression in China. Previously, US had to clear them selves neutral and only sent aid to China
Nonaggression pact
In 1939, killer and Stalin signed a nonaggression pact that eclair Germany and the Soviet Union would not attack each other. In fact, as Hitler blitzkrieg-ed Poland, soviet troops angered Stalin and caused him to join the Allied side
Munich conference
The conference in 1939 between prime minister Chamberlain and the head of the Nazi party Hitler. Due to the German speaking population, Hitler wanted to annex the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) . Hitler was granted to the land in the agreement
Appeasement
At the Munich conference, Hitler claimed the Sudetenland was his last territorial demand. Instead of sending up to Hitler, Chamberlen appeased him and gave him the land
Arsenal of democracy
FDR claimed that the US would build an arsenal democracy with a collective industrial Everett at home. The war production Board lead the transformation of all businesses into producers of ammo, airplanes, tanks, and more for the war
Final solution
The final solution was the mission of the highest members of the Nazi party print the Sea Hitler and Heinrich Himmler in particular pregnancy to illuminate all European Jews. As the war progressed these men revealed their plan and use death camps in addition to concentration camps to carry out the solution from Poland to the Soviet union
Genocide
A systematic calculated mass murder of a particular group of people. Since World War II, other genocides have occurred around the world
Holocaust
I genocide carried out by the Nazi party and SS sorters under the leadership of Hitler during World War II resulted in the murder of 6 million Jews as well as millions of other no-Aryan people. The Holocaust was a key element of the war effort and it’s success for the Nazi. The Allied powers eventually were fighting in large part to end the Holocaust and stop the camps
Blitzkrieg
Revolutionary style of warfare introduced by the Germans that was intended to overwhelm and confuse the enemy with the lightning quick attack. The Germans use the tactic most successfully in there takeover of Poland early in World War II. The strategy involves six Main steps with planes, tanks, smokescreens, and infantry troops taking action when cued
GIs
Government issued; the nickname given to the first orders to be drafted and fight for the US. Millions of young men quickly signed up to be trained and fight. They were given government issued supplies such as boats and soap
Rationing
The act of citizens conserving good such as food and gasoline so the soldiers could have more. Families with plant victory Gardens, he is ration books for shopping, and carpool for democracy
Rosie the riveter
Yeah iconic symbol of the movement of women from their traditional role as housewives and part-time workers to full-time factory workers. While men were fighting, millions of jobs opened up for women and they proved their ability to do men’s work
Teske airman
The 332nd fighter group of the US Army Air Force is an group of all African American pilots who prove their worth by taking on the German Luftwaffe with dog fights in the sky. Men were part of a government sponsored experiment that originally operated out of a training site at the Tuskeegee Institute in Alabama
Pearl Harbor
A Hawaiian naval base that suffered a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. The attack caused the death of over 2000 military members and civilians and the destruction of the US naval battle ships on battleship row. You tack officially pushed the US into the war
Manhattan project
A top secret government sponsored projects to construct an atomic bomb based on the fission of nuclear particles. The project cost $2 billion and employed hundreds of scientists to atomic bomb’s would be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II in the Pacific
Internment camps
Relocation camps for citizens deemed to be a possible threat to national security. US used executive order 9066 to place Japanese-Americans in camps during World War II. The controversial order cause citizens to question the power of the government and many see the action as an infringement on civil liberties
United Nations
An international organization that was formed at the end of World War II and still operates today to use collective leadership to intervene in global conflict. UN was a more successful replacement for the league of Nations from World War II. UN Security Council would play a major role on the development of nuclear weapons worldwide
Postwar Europe
After World War II, European cities were devastated and would need money/time to rebuild their infrastructure. Did not see readers word tried for crimes against humanity and found guilty at the Nuremberg Trials. The Soviet union in particular lost millions of lives. As countries began to rebuild, I divide emerged among democratic and communist countries known as the iron curtain
Yalta and potsdam conferences
Both conferences were held in the final months of World War II to discuss punishment for the Acces powers, reconstruction of Europe division of Germany, and the future of superpowers. The big three countries included the US, UK, and USSR by the end of the potsdam conference, The atomic bomb and changes in leadership lead to distrust among nations
Opportunities for women
Women could get jobs, The women’s Army corpse was created, army and Coast Guard created branches
Hardships for women
Discrimination, unequal pay, still excepted many traditional roles, double shift or caring for children while working at the same time
Opportunities for African-Americans
Double victory campaign, Teske airman, executive order 8022 discrimination by defense contractors, nearly 1,000,000 worked for defense industries and helped the arsenal of democracy
African-Americans hardships
Initially, drafted soldiers were not selected or not selected for combat, segregated barracks and units, steel workers would not hire African-Americans, race riots and violence in major cities like Detroit
Opportunities for Mexican Americans
Half 1 million served Americans all, a higher proportion of Mexican Americans fighting combat units than any other ethnic group, thousands left agricultural jobs to work for defense industries and higher pay, Mexicans were given short-term contracts to cross the border to work and fields
Hardships for Mexican Americans
Crimination, Poor, rundown areas, beat up and attacked by other service members
Opportunities for Japanese-Americans
Worked hard to set up their own schools and businesses in tough conditions, thousand served in the army and many in the 442nd regimental combat team, by 1944 they could return home
Hardships for Japanese-Americans
Internment camps, over 100,000 sent to camps in western US, desert regions with poor agricultural opportunities in basic barracks, forced relocation, face racism, Fred Korematsu loses Supreme Court case
American GIs opportunities
Million signed up to be drafted to fight for democracy, paid and giving opportunities to take on leadership roles, G.I. Bill when you return home
American GIs hardships
Training in war, extensive training, dramatic experiences of war, post traumatic stress disorder
Nazism
A form of fascism, except with notions of racial superiority of the Aryan race
Communism
A social, political, and economic ideology that aims to establish a classless society
Totalitarianism
Stahelin created a system in which government totally controls all aspects of society
Fascism
A political movement based on extreme nationalism in which the state comes first and individual liberty is secondary
Militarism
The glorification of military power and values
North African campaign
Decision by the US to invade north Africa first and move north to Sicily Italy and then Germany
Stalingrad
The battle was the bloodiest in Europe with over 200,000 German deaths and over 1 million Soviet deaths
D day
Final turning point of the war. Do US, British, and Canadian forces combined to launch the largest land invasion in history. As the Allied soldiers storm five beaches of Normandy in a German occupied France, atheist obstacles such as hedgehogs, minds, and MG 42 machine guns. Despite over 10,000 casualties, the allies took control of the beaches and liberated friends within a few months
Battle of Iwo Jima
The bloodiest battles of the war and part of the leapfrogging strategy that the Allied forces used in the Pacific to fight Japan. The battle is most famous for a photograph of multiple Marines raising a flag on mount St. Surabachi
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The two cities that The United States dropped an atomic bomb on to Forster pants to render an end World War II. The blasts shock wave toppled nearly 60,000 structures, and hundreds of fires consumed the rest of the city. Within seconds of these version, up to 80,000 people died. Three days later, United States drop the second atomic bomb. This one obliterated the city of Nagasaki, killing some 40,000 people instantly.
Axis powers
Japan
Germany
Italy (first half)
Allied powers
Great Britain
France
U.S.
What impact did the second world war have on the US and Soviet Union
Soviets in the US become superpowers
Soviet union infrastructure was destroyed
US suffered losses but less severe than the USSR and cities were fine for economic growth
Berlin airlift
US, France, and Great Britain agreed to use three occupied areas of Berlin and form a new democratic nation. Sal and responds with red army
Korean War
Communists pushing into China. This costs 56,000 lives
North Atlantic Treaty organization (NATO)
Alliance of democratic nations
United Nations
Intervenes in world conflicts
Warsaw Pact
Supporting natives
Brinksmanship
Pushing your enemy to the brink of war
Deterrence
Building up a larger arsenal of nuclear weapons
MAD
Mutual Assured Destruction
McCarthyism
Publicly accusing someone of doing something without evidence
The Rosenbergs
Only civilian spies caught
Alger hiss
State official and adviser to FDR at Yalta who was convicted of perjury
Blacklists
Lists of expected communists
How did American culture react to the fears that the Cold War created?
Created shelters and drills
The first country that Germany invaded (with force) using blitzkrieg tactics
Poland
This is the traditional type of jobs that African Americans held in the military as late as WWI
Noncombat jobs
The group that was added to the army to give women a chance to fight and become officers
Women’s army corps
The action that place all Japanese-Americans in internment camps
Executive order 9066
The bloodiest battle of World War II in Europe in which over 1 million soldiers died
Stalingrad
The bombing strategy that the British favored which involved bombing non-military targets like cities
Saturated bombing
The name of the document that was thousands of words long and written by George Kennan in 1946
The long telegram
The policy used in the decision to spend over $400 million to fight communism in Greece and Turkey
Truman Doctrine
Event in which the US helped to send over 270,000 flights and Germany to deliver medical and food supplies to civilians
Berlin Airlift
The economic plan that involves spending $13 billion in trade and loans to democratic countries like France, Italy, and the UK
Marshall plan
The individual freedoms such as speech and a right to a free trial that are protected by the Constitution
Civil liberties
Republican senator from Wisconsin who went on a witchhunt for communists
Joe McCarthy
The term for an economic system in which individuals can invent new products and run their own businesses
Capitalism
The form of government, a basic home and job is provided for everyone
Communism
