CORE 3: Why had international peace collapsed by 1939? Flashcards
What were Hitler’s 4 foreign policy aims
1) Destroy the Treaty of Versailles
2) Unite all German-speaking peoples in a Greater Germany (Reich)
3) Destroy Communism
4) Acquire lebensraum ‘living space’
What were Hitler’s first foreign policy moves when he became Chancellor in 1933?
- Refused to pay anymore reparations
- Started to rearm in secret
- Walked out of the World Disarmament Conference
- Left the League of Nations
Why did Germany sign a non-aggression pact with Poland in January 1934?
To avoid war with Poland if Hitler made a move against Austria or Czechoslovakia
When did Hitler first attempt Anschluss (union) with Austria?
July 1934 during the confusion following the murder of Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss by Austrian Nazis
Why did Hitler’s first attempt at Anschluss in 1934 fail?
He did not yet have the support of Mussolini who moved Italian troops to the Brenner Pass
In the Saar plebiscite of January 1935 what percentage voted to rejoin Germany?
Over 90%
When did Hitler reintroduce conscription?
March 1935
How did Europe respond to Hitler’s open violation of the disarmament clauses of the Treaty of Versailles in 1935?
- Britain France and Italy strongly protested in the Stresa Front
- France and the USSR signed a mutual assistance pact
- Czechoslovakia and the USSR signed a mutual assistance pact
- Britain negotiated the Anglo-German Naval Agreement
What did the Anglo-German Naval Agreement allow?
Germany could have a fleet that was 35% the size of Britain’s (submarines at 45%)
When did Hitler march 2 divisions of troops into the Rhineland?
March 1936
Why was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland a gamble for Hitler?
He only had 2 divisions against a possible 200 Allied divisions
Why didn’t France or Britain stop the remilitarisation of the Rhineland?
- Britain thought it reasonable for Germany to have control in its own ‘backyard’.
- France was in the middle of a financial crisis and there was about to be an election.
Who did Hitler and Mussolini support in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)?
Hitler and Mussolini supported the Fascists led by General Franco against the democratically elected republican government of the Popular Front (socialists, communists anarchists and syndicalists supported by Stalin)
What did Hitler achieve from his involvement in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)?
- Tested the Luftwaffe and modern dive-bombing techniques in the assault on Guernica
- Persuaded Mussolini to abandon Britain and France and move towards an alliance with Germany ‘the Rome-Berlin Axis’
- Distract the West from the German ambitions in central Europe
What pact did Germany sign with Japan in 1936 and Italy in 1937?
The Anti-Comintern Pact