Core 2: FQ4 How does acquisition of skill affect performance? Flashcards
3 stages of skill acquisition
cognitive
associative
autonomous
Define cognitive
refers to the mental processing of information, thinking and understanding
What is conceptualisation?
the generation of a clear mental image of the task
What may learners experience in the cognitive stage of skill acquisition?
error, awkwardness, and disorientation
Define associative
means connecting or linking ideas
What must a learner do in the associative stage?
repeat the movement of the skill to increase synchronisation of mind and muscles.
errors may occur but are less frequent and smaller.
must receive feedback to improve skill.
Define autonomous
being fully in control of actions so they become automatic
What are 5 characteristics of the learner?
personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, ability
Define personality
refers to an individuals characteristic way of behaving. develops as a result of social connections and learning experiences throughout life.
How does personality influence skill acquisition and performance of skills?
personality can influence whether an individual is cooperative, reliable, motivated, dedicated and determined.
This impacts skill acquisition as if they are more motivated to learn they will more likely acquire skill to a higher level.
Performance of skill is also effected by these qualities as
Define heredity
genetic characteristics inherited from our parents
How does heredity influence skill acquisition and performance of skills?
heredity affects:
- relative percentage of fast-twitch to slow twitch muscle fibres
- somatotype (tendency towards body composition)
- conceptual ability
Define self confidence
firm belief in ones ability
Define prior experience
experience linked to the influences of an already learned task on one to be acquired
How does prior experience influence skill acquisition and performance of skills?
has the potential to accelerate the learning process
Lateral transfer
transfer of skills from one task to a similar task
Vertical transfer
mastering a lower order task as a prerequisite for something more difficult within the same activity
Define ability
the ease of which an individual is able to perform a movement or routine
What does ability incorporate?
acuity - sharpness
perception
reaction time
intelligence
What are the 4 aspects of the learning environment?
nature of the skill
the performance elements
practice method
feedback
What are different natures of skill? (8)
open/ closed
gross/ fine
serial/ continuous
self paced/ externally paced
Define open skills
open skills are ones that occur in an unpredictable and changing environment
Define closed skills
closed skills are ones that occur in a stable and predictable environment
Define gross motor skills
gross motor skills require the use of large muscle groups for execution (eg running, leaping, vaulting, diving, surfing)
Define fine motor skills
fine motor skills require the use of one small muscle groups for the movement
(eg. typing, writing, catching in cricket, playing darts)
Define discrete skills
discrete skills have a distinctive start and end (eg. forward roll)
Define serial skills
serial skills are a sequence of smaller movements assembled to make a total skill. (eg. place kick in football)
Define continuous skills
continuous skills have no distinct beginning or end - they are ongoing/ unbroken. (eg. jogging, rowing, skiing, rock climbing)
Define pacing
refers to performers control over the timing of skill execution
What are self paced skills?
when a performer determines the timing and speed of execution (eg. kicking in football, serving a tennis ball)
What are externally paced skills?
skills that external factors to the performer set the time for execution of movement (eg. dancing and rhythmic gymnastics - the music determines the timing of movements)
What are the 3 performance elements of the learning environment?
decision making
strategic and tactical development
What are the 5 aspects of decision making?
observation (by coach) questioning (highlighting options) whole, part, whole approach variation creativity
