Core 2: FQ4 How does acquisition of skill affect performance?

Question 1

3 stages of skill acquisition

Answer 1

cognitive
associative
autonomous

Question 2

Define cognitive

Answer 2

refers to the mental processing of information, thinking and understanding

Question 3

What is conceptualisation?

Answer 3

the generation of a clear mental image of the task

Question 4

What may learners experience in the cognitive stage of skill acquisition?

Answer 4

error, awkwardness, and disorientation

Question 5

Define associative

Answer 5

means connecting or linking ideas

Question 6

What must a learner do in the associative stage?

Answer 6

repeat the movement of the skill to increase synchronisation of mind and muscles.
errors may occur but are less frequent and smaller.
must receive feedback to improve skill.

Question 7

Define autonomous

Answer 7

being fully in control of actions so they become automatic

Question 8

What are 5 characteristics of the learner?

Answer 8

personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, ability

Question 9

Define personality

Answer 9

refers to an individuals characteristic way of behaving. develops as a result of social connections and learning experiences throughout life.

Question 10

How does personality influence skill acquisition and performance of skills?

Answer 10

personality can influence whether an individual is cooperative, reliable, motivated, dedicated and determined.

This impacts skill acquisition as if they are more motivated to learn they will more likely acquire skill to a higher level.

Performance of skill is also effected by these qualities as

Question 11

Define heredity

Answer 11

genetic characteristics inherited from our parents

Question 12

How does heredity influence skill acquisition and performance of skills?

Answer 12

heredity affects:

• relative percentage of fast-twitch to slow twitch muscle fibres
• somatotype (tendency towards body composition)
• conceptual ability

Question 13

Define self confidence

Answer 13

firm belief in ones ability

Question 14

Define prior experience

Answer 14

experience linked to the influences of an already learned task on one to be acquired

Question 15

How does prior experience influence skill acquisition and performance of skills?

Answer 15

has the potential to accelerate the learning process

Question 16

Lateral transfer

Answer 16

transfer of skills from one task to a similar task

Question 17

Vertical transfer

Answer 17

mastering a lower order task as a prerequisite for something more difficult within the same activity

Question 18

Define ability

Answer 18

the ease of which an individual is able to perform a movement or routine

Question 19

What does ability incorporate?

Answer 19

acuity - sharpness
perception
reaction time
intelligence

Question 20

What are the 4 aspects of the learning environment?

Answer 20

nature of the skill
the performance elements
practice method
feedback

Question 21

What are different natures of skill? (8)

Answer 21

open/ closed
gross/ fine
serial/ continuous
self paced/ externally paced

Question 22

Define open skills

Answer 22

open skills are ones that occur in an unpredictable and changing environment

Question 23

Define closed skills

Answer 23

closed skills are ones that occur in a stable and predictable environment

Question 24

Define gross motor skills

Answer 24

gross motor skills require the use of large muscle groups for execution (eg running, leaping, vaulting, diving, surfing)

Question 25

Define fine motor skills

Answer 25

fine motor skills require the use of one small muscle groups for the movement
(eg. typing, writing, catching in cricket, playing darts)

Question 26

Define discrete skills

Answer 26

discrete skills have a distinctive start and end (eg. forward roll)

Question 27

Define serial skills

Answer 27

serial skills are a sequence of smaller movements assembled to make a total skill. (eg. place kick in football)

Question 28

Define continuous skills

Answer 28

continuous skills have no distinct beginning or end - they are ongoing/ unbroken. (eg. jogging, rowing, skiing, rock climbing)

Question 29

Define pacing

Answer 29

refers to performers control over the timing of skill execution

Question 30

What are self paced skills?

Answer 30

when a performer determines the timing and speed of execution (eg. kicking in football, serving a tennis ball)

Question 31

What are externally paced skills?

Answer 31

skills that external factors to the performer set the time for execution of movement (eg. dancing and rhythmic gymnastics - the music determines the timing of movements)

Question 32

What are the 3 performance elements of the learning environment?

Answer 32

decision making

strategic and tactical development

Question 33

What are the 5 aspects of decision making?

Answer 33

observation (by coach)
questioning (highlighting options)
whole, part, whole approach
variation 
creativity