Core 2 Critical Question 1

Question 1

Skeletal System

Answer 1

– Provides a framework and support for the body
- Protects internal organs
- Provides bones for muscle attachment
-Serves as levers for body movement
-Produces and stores blood cells and minerals

Question 2

The Axial Skeleton

Answer 2

the centre/main structure of the body. Includes cranium, vertebral column and ribcage

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 3

bones involved in movement. The limbs that attach. Includes shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

Question 4

Long Bones

Answer 4

Long not wide generally in the limbs (consist of two ends and a shaft. They are weight-bearing and act as levers for larger movement e.g. femur, humerus and tibia.

Question 5

Flat Bones

Answer 5

Thin and flat. Protect the internal organs e.g. cranium, scapula and sternum.

Question 6

Short bones

Answer 6

Short almost cubed and used for finer movements e.g. wrist/hand (carpals, metacarpals).

Question 7

Irregular Bones

Answer 7

nonuniform shape, don’t fit into other categories e.g. vertebrae and pelvis girdle.

Question 8

Sesamoid

Answer 8

Are buried inside tendons. Protect tendons and increase movement e.g. patella.

Question 9

Superior

Answer 9

Towards the head; for example, the chest is superior to the pelvis

Question 10

Inferior

Answer 10

Towards the feet; for example, the chest is inferior to the cranium.

Question 10

Lateral

Answer 10

Towards the side of the body; for example, the hand is lateral to the sternum

Question 10

Prosterior

Answer 10

Towards the back; for example, the backbone is posterior to the heart

Question 11

anterior

Answer 11

Towards the front; the belly button is anterior to the vertebrae column

Question 11

Medial

Answer 11

Towards the midline of the body; for example, the sternum is medial to the hand

Question 12

Proximal

Answer 12

Towards the body mass; for example, the shoulder is proximal to the elbow

Question 12

Distal

Answer 12

Away from the body mass; for example, the elbow is distal to the shoulder

Question 13

Ligaments

Answer 13

Connect bone to bone, fibrous bands their to assist the joint capsule to maintain stability by restraining movement

Question 14

Tendons

Answer 14

Connect muscle to bone, tough inelastic cords of tissue
and strengthens joint by assisting ligaments to hold joint closed.

Question 15

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 15

The bones are covered with smooth shiny cartilage, allowing them to move freely. Hyaline cartilage, which has a limited blood supply, receives nourishment through synovial fluid

Question 16

Synovial Fluid

Answer 16

A lubricant between bones as no two joint surfaces fit together perfectly, synovial fluid acts as a cushion between them. It provides nutrition for the cartilage and carries waste products. During exercise synovial fluid is pumped between the joints.

Question 17

Joint

Answer 17

A junction between two or more bones

Question 18

Fibrous joints

Answer 18

Immovable joints (cranium)

Question 19

Cartilaginous

Answer 19

Slightly movable joints

Question 20

SYnovial

Answer 20

freely movable joints

Question 21

Gliding joint

Answer 21

Two flat surfaces on top of each other that can glide and rotate
e.g. vertebrae column

Question 22

Saddle Joint

Answer 22

The articulate surface of one bone is saddle shaped and the other sits on it like a rider. For example, between sternum and clavicle.

Question 23

Hinge Joint

Answer 23

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another and movement occurs in one plane. Knee joint between tibia and Patella.

Question 24

Pivot

Answer 24

The primary movement is rotation, where the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with the depression or opening of another. - horizontally. For example, between radius and ulna near the elbow and at the hand.

Question 25

Ball and socket

Answer 25

An oval shaped condyle of one bone that fits into the cup like depression of another – very movable joints. Hip joint

Question 26

Ellipsoid

Answer 26

An oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical depression of another and movement can occur in two planes.

Question 27

Flexion

Answer 27

A movement that decreases the angle between the bones at the joint.

Question 28

Extension

Answer 28

A movement that increases the angle between the bones at the joint.

Question 29

Abduction

Answer 29

The movement of a body part away from the midline of the body,

Question 30

Adduction

Answer 30

The movement of a body part that towards the midline of the body.

Question 31

Inversion

Answer 31

Rotation of the foot to make the side of the foot face inwards.

Question 32

Eversion

Answer 32

Rotation of the foot to make the side of the foot face outwards

Question 33

Rotation

Answer 33

Moving a body part such as the head or trunk around on its long axis.

Question 34

Circumduction

Answer 34

The circular movement of a body part.

Question 35

Supnation

Answer 35

The rotation of the hand and forearm that causes the hand to face palm upwards

Question 36

Pronation

Answer 36

The rotation of the hand and forearm that causes the palm of the hand to face downwards.

Question 37

Planter flexion

Answer 37

The extension of the ankle movement away from the tibia. Pointing your toes.

Question 38

Dorsi flexion

Answer 38

The flexion of the ankle. Movement that pulls your toes towards your tibia. Flexing feet.

Question 39

Concentric

Answer 39

Muscle shortens as it contracts.

Question 40

Eccentric

Answer 40

Muscle lengthens as it contracts

Question 41

Isometric

Answer 41

A form of static contraction where the muscle length doesn’t change despite the application of tension. Usually resisting a force like gravity