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Core Flashcards

1
Q

When as fire extinguisher is needed, you should:

A

Pull the pin and squeeze the handle, aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, & use a sweeping motion from side to side

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2
Q

The process of reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual is called:

A

Asepsis

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3
Q

What are symptoms of shock?

A

Cool, clammy skin, confusion, increased pulse rate

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4
Q

The omission of reasonable care or caution defines:

A

Negligence

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5
Q

Which is true regarding informed consent?

A

Informed consent may be revoked at any time & patient must legally competent to sign

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6
Q

According to the Bergonie-Tribondeau law, which of the following types of cells are most radio sensitive?

A

Embryonic tissue cells

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7
Q

Which changes in kilovoltage (kVp) will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose, when milliampere-seconds (mAs) is adjusted to compensate for the changes?

A

Increase kVp by 30%

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8
Q

Which radiographic imaging systems uses storage phosphors to temporarily store energy representing the image signal?

A

Computed radiography

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9
Q

What is the primary purpose of using gonad shields during radiography?

A

Reduce the likelihood of GENETIC effects

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10
Q

Which are the types of gonad shields?

A

Contact & shadow

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11
Q

The greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited operator is:

A

Repeat exposures

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12
Q

When should gonad shielding be used?

A

When the gonads are within 5cm of the radiation field

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13
Q

The limited operator can reduce repeat exposures by:

A

Clearly instruction patients

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14
Q

How does x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure?

A

It limits the radiation field to area of interest

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15
Q

What is the device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field?

A

Collimator

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16
Q

How does filtration reduce patient exposure?

A

Removes longer-wavelength photons

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17
Q

Total amount of filtration?

A

2.5mm Al equiv

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18
Q

What are the 3 principal methods used to protect limited operators from unnecessary radiation exposure?

A

Shielding, Time and Distance

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19
Q

Which is NOT a type of personnel radiation shielding?

A

Shadow

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20
Q

What is the term for radiation that escapes from the x-ray tube housing?

A

Leakage radiation

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21
Q

Shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of exposure?

A

Scatter radiation

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22
Q

Why are LMRT prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary x-ray beam?

A

They are considered occupationally exposed individuals

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23
Q

Distance, as a method used to limit operator exposure, means that:

A

the operator should MAXimize the distance from the source during an exposure

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24
Q

What is the acronym for a common type of personnel dosimeter?

A

TLD- dosimeter

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25
Annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure?
5.0 rem (50 mSv)
26
Monthly effective dose limit to the fetus for a pregnant worker?
0.05 rem (0.5 mSv)
27
Radiation monitoring of personnel is required when what percentage of the annual occupational effective dose limit is likely to be received?
10%
28
What is the SI radiation unit to express radiation intensity in air?
Coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)
29
the SI unit used to report occupational dose to radiation workers is the:
mSv
30
What is the SI radiation unit of absorbed dose?
Gray
31
Lead equivalency of aprons used for personnel protection?
0.5 mm
32
What is erythema?
Redding of the skin caused by a HIGH radiation dose
33
At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur?
They occur throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range
34
What are the 4 essential elements required for x-ray production?
A target, a vacuum, an electron source and a high potential difference
35
which type of x-ray photon interaction with the body is primarily responsible for the radiation dose absorbed by the patient?
photoelectric
36
At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur?
They occur throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range
37
What is the principal source of scatter radiation in radiography?
The patient
38
What are the 4 essential elements required for xray production?
A target, a vacuum, an electron source and a high potential difference
39
The greatest portion of the xray beam is made up of
Bremsstrahlung radiation
40
The penetrating power of the xray beam is controlled by varying the:
kVp
41
42
Which functions involve the auto transformer?
kVp selection
43
what is the IR that is used for computed radiography?
Photostimulable phosphor plate
44
the target of the xray tube is made of
tungsten
45
what is the standard control limit for the field light radiation field alignment test
+2%
46
what is the standard control limit for the bean (CR) alignment test?
within 1 degree of perpendicular
47
how often should lead aprons and gloves be checked for cracks or holes
every 6 months
48
how can detector fog be prevented when using computed radiography cassettes
protect the cassette before and after exposure
49
the relationship between SID and beam intensity is expressed in the
inverse square law
50
what are the 4 primary factors of radiographic quality
receptor exposure, contrast, spatial resolution and distortion
51
contrast is primarily controlled by the
processing algorithm/ kVp
52
scatter radiation fog affects radiographic quality by causing
decreased contrast
53
a change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot will result in
decreased spatial resolution
54
an increase in OID will result in
increased magnification
55
motion of the patient, the tube or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased
spatial resolution
56
what does quantum mottle look like on a radiographic image
finely speckled or grainy areas
57
quantum mottle with a digital imaging system is caused by
the mAs being set too low
58
which will increase spatial resolution
increase in OID
59
if the amount of irradiated tissue increased, what happens to scatter radiation fog?
scatter radiation fog increases
60
the most effective and practical way to reduce scatter radiation
use a grid or bucky
61
a general rule, a grid should be employed when the part thickness is greater than
12 cm
62
technique charts are based on patient part measurement obtained using an xray caliper and are expressed as
thickness in centimeters
63
how will the abode heel effect, if present, be seen in an image?
the image will be lighter on the anode + end than on the cathode - end
64
which radiographing quality factor is most affected by adulation of the central ray, part of IR
distortion
65
which is NOT related to spatial resolution in digital radiography systems
bit depth
66
what is NOT related to contrast resolution in digital radiography systems
matrix size
67
which is NOT related to image signal in distal radiography systems
sampling frequency
68
when viewing a digital image on a monitor, how do you determine if the proper mAs was selected
evaluate the exposure index value
69
which will result in an image with excessive magnification of image structures
IR exposure at an OID greater than recommended for a particular body part
70
which will result in an image with excessive distortion of anatomical structures
improper central ray angulation for the selected radiographic projection
71
what type of disease transmission is possible when the limited operator does not clean the bucky device after performing an examination on a patient with CIV
indirect contact or fomite transmission
72
the process of reducing the probability that infectious organisms will be transmitted to a susceptible individual is called
asepsis
73
which vital signs can be assessed without touching the patient
respiration

LMRT (5 decks)

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