Core 1 - CQ2 Flashcards
What is Inequity?
Unfair health differences between groups in society.
What are ATSI Health Inequalities?
10-year lower life expectancy, higher mortality rates (cancer, injury, suicide), 2x infant mortality rate, 7x kidney disease, 3x diabetes, 6x female & 4x male suicide rates.
What are the determinants of ATSI health inequalities?
Socioeconomic: Poor education, employment, income → risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol).
Sociocultural: Low social connection, poor neighborhood environment.
Environmental: Limited healthcare in rural areas, unemployment → mental health issues.
What is the Close the Gap Initiative?
Government aims to improve ATSI health, education & employment.
What defines Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Groups?
Lower wealth, education, employment status.
What are the health inequalities in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups?
Higher depression, CVD, type 2 diabetes, chronic disease; 40% higher death rates from coronary heart disease; 6x incidence of lung cancer; higher obesity rates (women: 33%, children: 66%).
What are the determinants of health inequalities in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups?
Sociocultural: Risky behaviors (smoking, alcohol, poor nutrition).
Socioeconomic: Poor education → low health literacy, limited job opportunities.
Environmental: Homelessness, lack of healthcare access.
What are some government initiatives for health support?
Medicare: Free/subsidized healthcare.
PBS: Subsidized prescription drugs.
Youth Allowance: Financial aid for young adults.
What is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
Diseases affecting circulation (heart disease, stroke, arrhythmia).
What is the extent of CVD in Australia?
1 in 5 Australians affected; leading single cause of death (coronary heart disease); death rates ↓ 73% in 30 years.
What are the risk factors for CVD?
Hypertension, inactivity, obesity, smoking, high-fat diet.
What are the protective factors for CVD?
Exercise, healthy diet, regular check-ups.
Who are at-risk groups for CVD?
ATSI (2.6x heart attacks), low SES (40% higher CVD deaths), rural populations.
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell growth; can metastasize.
What is the extent of cancer in Australia?
Leading cause of death; 1 in 2 males, 1 in 3 females diagnosed before 85; mortality rate ↓ 17% in 20 years.
What are the risk factors for cancer?
Smoking, alcohol, obesity, inactivity, genetics, UV exposure.
What are protective behaviors against cancer?
HPV vaccine, screening programs (breast, bowel, cervical), sun protection.
Who are at-risk groups for cancer?
ATSI (10% higher incidence, 50% higher mortality), elderly (70% diagnoses), low SES, rural residents.
What is diabetes?
Body cannot regulate blood sugar (Type 1: no insulin, Type 2: insulin inefficiency).
What is the extent of diabetes in Australia?
Increasing; 6th leading cause of death.
What are the risk factors for diabetes?
Obesity, poor diet, inactivity, smoking.
What are the protective factors for diabetes?
Exercise, healthy diet, blood sugar management.
Who are at-risk groups for diabetes?
ATSI (3x more likely), low SES, elderly (15% over 65), men (Type 2 more common).
What is the impact of a growing & aging population on health services?
Increased demand for chronic disease management; higher aged care costs.
