Core 1 - Better Health For The Individual Flashcards
Definitions of health over time
-500 bc
Equal and cooperative mingling of separate elements of human nature
Definitions of health over time
-1913
The state of being free from physical pain or disease
Definitions of health over time
-Before WWII
Health was considered the opposite of illness > if there was no evidence of illness you were deemed healthy, if not doctors would attempt to cure you with drugs
Definitions of health over time
-WHO (World Health Organisation) 1947
Defined health as “A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
- This is a holistic approach
- Disabilities may be considered 'unhealthy'
- Dons't realise health is dynamic
- Based on traditional views
Definitions of health over time
-WHO (World Health Organisation)
1957
“Health is a condition or quality of the human organism which expresses adequate functions under given genetic and environmental conditions”
Definitions of health over time
-WHO (World Health Organisation)
1986
“A resource for everyday living, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities” - WHO in conjunction with the OTTAWA Charter (New era of public health)
Definitions of health over time
-AUSTRALIAN BETTER HEALTH COMMISSION 1986
“To the community good health means a higher standard of living, greater participation in making and implementing community health policies and reducing health costs”
Good health is much more than a physical state it encompasses many dimensions
Dimensions of health
-Physical
State of your physical body
Dimensions of health
-Mental
State of mind
Dimensions of health
-Spiritual
Religious beliefs & values
Dimensions of health
-Social
Relationships, friends and family
Relative and Dynamic Nature of Heath
-Relative health definition
Relative health is health in relation to another period of time, in relation to your potential or in relation to others
Relative and Dynamic Nature of Health
Our state of health changes over time, so we can say it is dynamic.
-Dynamic nature of health factors are?
- The interactions between dimensions
- The concept of good health
- The health continuum
- How health changes over time
- How individual s circumstance impacts on health over time
What happens when the status of of one dimension is compromised?
The other dimensions will be affected
What does the health continuum look like?
High level wellnessDeath
What are the environmental impacts on health?
- Physical
- Socio-cultural
- Socioeconomic
- Political
What can health do in relation to circumstance?
Deteriorate or improve
We construct our own meaning of health depending on our social circumstances. This is known as a…?
Social Construct
Behavior of Young People
Adolescence is a time of…?
- Rapid emotional, physical and intellectual transition.
- Moving from dependent children to independent adults
- Making decisions that can impact health and well being
- Complexity due to social, economic, environmental and technological changes
Behavior of Young People
In relation to individual level of wellness or illness we take into account..?
Different states of health and their dangerous nature.
Behavior of Young People
What are adopted by groups..?
Sterotypes
Behavior of Young People
Most common substance abuse among young people?
- Alcohol
- Tobacco
- To a lesser extent marijuana
Behavior of Young People
What are the short term problems of substance abuse?
- Hospitalization
- Injuries
- Psychotic disorders
- Dependence
- Withdraw
- Anemia
Behavior of Young People
What are the long term problems of substance abuse?
- Depression
- Liver damage
- Infections
- HIV
- Heart and Brain damage
- Cancer
- Serious health conditions
Behavior of Young People
What are the social problems of substance abuse?
- Legal/Financial difficulties
- Conflict within family/relationships
- Antisocial behaviors
- Low self esteem
- Acedemic failure
- Leave school early
What is harm minimization?
To make the window people might hurt themselves smaller
Behavior of Young People
What are the best preventative behaviors?
- Abstain
- Follow sensible drinking behaviours
Behavior of Young People
What do young people with higher levels of education experience?
- Fewer illnesses
- Better mental health
- Access to employment that is safer, secure and is generally paid more
Behavior of Young People
What are people who fail to complete school more likely to experience?
- Unemployment
- Low self esteem
- Poor physical health
- Poor mental health
Behavior of Young People
Sexual health during adolescence is a time when individuals?
Develop sexually and establish their personal and sexual identity
Behavior of Young People
Issues with teen sex are?
- Pregnancy
- STIs
Behavior of Young People
What percentage of sexually active you use some sort of contraception?
90%
Behavior of Young People
What are preventative behaviors in relation to sexual problems?
- Abstain
- Knowledge
- Access to health services
- Access to contraception
- Regular self checks
Behavior of Young People
What percentage of drivers aged 17-25 are involved in fatal crashes?
20%
Behavior of Young People
What are influencing factors in fatal crashes?
- Speeding
- Alcohol
- Attitudes
- Drivng skill
Behavior of Young People
Are adolescents are most at risk of being victims of crime and being injured in criminal activities?
Yes
Behavior of Young People
Crime interferes with?
- School
- Social-economic status
- Ability to get a job
- Travel
Behavior of Young People
What can crime lead to?
- Depression
- Jail
- Financial difficulties
Behavior of Young People
Best preventative factor for crime?
Don’t become involved
Protective and Risk Factors
What is a protective factor?
conditions or attributes (skills, strengths, resources, supports or coping strategies) in individuals, families, communities or the larger society that help people deal more effectively with stressful events and mitigate or eliminate risk in families and communities.
Protective and Risk Factors
What is a risk factor?
Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. Some examples of the more important risk factors are underweight, unsafe sex, high blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene.
Protective and Risk Factors
What risk factors contribute to much of the burden and death of young people?
- Mortality
- Injury and Poisoning
- Mental Health
- Overweight and Obesity
- Sun Protection
- Substance Abuse
- Education and Employment
- Sexual Health
- Road Safety
- Crime
Protective and Risk Factors
What protective factors are in place for youth?
- Education
- Employment
- Sexual Health
- Road safety
- Laws
The Determinants of Health
What are the determinants of health?
- Individual
- Sociocultural status
- Socioeconomic status
- Environmental conditions
The Determinants of Health
What do determinants help to do?
Explain and predict trends in health
The Determinants of Health
What behaviors affect individual?
- Knowledge
- Skills
- Attitudes
- Genetics
The Determinants of Health
What are sociocultural factors?
- Family
- Peers
- Media
- Religion
- Culture
The Determinants of Health
What are the socioeconomic factors?
- Employment
- Education
- Income
The Determinants of Health
What are The environmental factors?
- Human made environments> Clean air, water, fresh foods
- Natural environments> Natural disasters
- Human cause changes> Climate change, land degradation
- Geographic location
- Access to health services and technology
Modifiable and Non-modifiable Health Determinants
What are modifiable health determinants?
Modifiable health determinants are changeable actions that effect health
e. g - Smoking
- Diet
- Lifestyle
Modifiable and Non-modifiable Health Determinants
What are non-modifiable determinants of health?
Non-modifiable health determinants can’t be effected
e. g - Age
- Gender
- Genetics
- Some environmental factors
- Politics
Health Promotion
What is health promotion?
The process that enables people to improve or have greater control over their health.
Health Promotion
What is the aim of HP?
To help individual or group reach a state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing
Health Promotion
What does HP make possible?
To increase control over determinants of health and thereby improve health
Health Promotion
Whose responsibility is HP?
- Individual
- Community
- Schools
- Health professionals
- Government
Health Promotion
What are HP strategies?
Educaltional and motivational approaches sdressing factors that may pose risks
E.g
- Enabling
- Creating environments that are supportive of health
- Advocating to create the essential conditions for health
The OTTAWA Charter
When and why was the the OTTAWA Charter created?
In 1978 the OTTAWA Charter was created to improve all health.
The OTTAWA Charter
What does DCSRB stand for?
- Developing personal skills
- Creating supportive environments
- Strenthening community actions
- Reorienting health services
- Building healthy public policy
The OTTAWA Charter
What does developing Personal Skills involve?
Personal and Social development through providing information.
This information allows the individual to exercise more control over their environment and make choices that compliment their health.
E.g
- Health education in schools
- Anti-smoking programs
The OTTAWA Charter
What does Creating Supportive Environments involve?
Encouraging reciprocal maintenance- To take care of each other and our community.
E.g
-Smoke alarms being implemented
-Healthy canteens
