Core 1 Flashcards
what is Optial Character Recognition, or OCR?
technology that converts documents/images into editable digital text
what is Digital Rights Management, or DRM?
technology that protects against copyright infringement
what is Intelligent Character Recognition, or ICR?
technology that translates handwriting into digital form
what issues are connected to grinding noise, paper jams, faded print & blank page printed?
grinding: carriage, fuser, toner, rollers / jam: sep. pad, worn rollers, wrong paper / faded: low ink, toner, draft mode / blank: driver, no ink, toner
what makes up an IPv6 address?
network prefix, interface identifier
what is Network Access Control, or NAC?
defines and enforces network access policies
what is Public Key Infrastructure, or PKI?
hiearchical system of digital certificates
what is Remote Monitoring and Management, or RMM?
enables remote access over network devices
what is Acceptable Use Policy, or AUP?
rules for users of computers, networks
what is stateful address configuration?
using DHCPv6 server to assign addresses
what is StateLess Address AutoConfiguration, or SLAAC?
uses Router Advertisements (RA) and the device’s MAC address to generate its own unique IPv6 address
what is Recursive and Iterative Lookup?
DNS mapping to resolve name to IP address. Recursive keeps going, Iterative stops and suggests next DNS server to try
what is Zeroconf and Bonjour?
allow devices on LAN to automatically discover each other and establish communication without requiring manual configuration.
what do VPN’s use and what’re the 3 types?
full or split tunnel / site-to-site, client-to-site, clientless
what 4 pieces of info do you need to statically assign an IP address?
IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server
what are private, non-routable IPv4 addresses?
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 / 172.16.00 to 172.31.255.255 / 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
what does CIDR notation signify? (x.x.x.x/8)
the number of bits used for the network portion of the address. (/16= the network is 16 bits)
what are the 4 layers that data travels?
link/LAN (what data), internet (where its going), transport (how its going, udp, tcp), application (what to do with it)
what are 2 other terms for a microwave connection?
WISP (the providers), WiMax (the technology)
what are 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G networks?
2G: GSM / 3G: WCDMA, HSPA, HSPA+ / 4G: LTE, LTE-A, MIMO / 5G: low, mid, high band
what are the specs of ADSL, SDSL, VDSL?
ADSL: 24 Mbps DL 1.4 Mbps UL / SDSL: 2.3 Mbps DL=UL / VDSL: 100 Mbps DL 10 Mbps UL
what is a cable modem?
device that connects computers/networks to the internet via a cable television line, using coaxial copper cabling
how does DSL work?
connects to DSL modem through existing telephone lines, using twisted-pair copper cabling
instead of strictly coaxial cabling, some Cable ISP’s use hybrid fiber/coaxial cabling. How is that configured?
fiber used for longer distances and coaxial cables are used for the final connection to individual customers.
which technologies are licensed and unlicensed out of 802.11, cellular, microwave, and satellite?
unlicensed: 802.11 / licensed: cellular, microwave, satellite
what are 4 connection types used with SSD’s?
mSATA, SATA, PCIe, M.2
what is containerization?
isolated virtualization, no hypervisor / Containers are not VMs; rather, they are a lightweight way to run applications in isolated environments using the host OS.
what does nslookup do?
a command-line tool that queries DNS to obtain domain name or IP address information, helping troubleshoot network issues related to DNS.
what does tracert do?
a command-line tool that tracks the route packets take to reach a destination, identifying each hop along the way
what are the 3 groups of the port numbers, in order?
well known, nonephemeral/registered, and ephemeral/dynamic/private
what are the capacities of SDRAM, and DDR1 through DDR5?
512 MB, 1 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB, 32 GB, 128 GB
what are the speeds of SDRAM, and DDR1 through DDR5?
0.5 to 1 / 1 to 3 / 3 to 6 / 6 to 17 / 12 to 25 / 38 to 51 (GT/s = gigatransfers per second)(1GT = 1 billion)
what is Preboot Execution Environment, or PXE?
a method of booting an Operating System over a network
what protocols do WEP, WPA, and WPA2 use?
WEP uses IV and RC4 / WPA uses TKIP (with RC4) / WPA2 uses AES and CCMP
what can cause performance issues in a network?
speed or duplex mismatch (between NIC & switch) / malware / NIC driver not up-to-date
what are the dimensions of ATX, Mini-ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX?
ATX: 12 x 9.6 / Mini-A: 11.2 x 8.2 / Micro-A: 9.6 x 9.6 / Mini-ITX: 6.7 x 6.7
what voltages are used in a PC?
12 VDC, 5 VDC, 3.3VDC (3.3 and 5 are positive, 12 is both positive and negative)
what is Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification, or DOCSIS?
a telecommunications standard that enables high-speed internet access via cable television systems
what is SRAM?
static / expensive, faster, smaller capacity, cache memory, doesn?t need refreshing
what is DRAM?
dynamic / cheaper, slower, larger capacity, main memory, needs constant electrical refreshing, no synch with system
what is SDRAM?
synchronous dynamic / synchronizes with system clock cycle, 1 million clock pulses = 1 million data transfers, better performance
what is DDR RAM?
double data rate / also synchronizes with system clock cycle but transfers data 2x per clock cycle, instead of 1x
what issues does a white stripe on a laser printed page indicate?
uneven toner, clogged toner, worn out drum, defective fuser
what issues does a black stripe on a laser printed page indicate?
corona wire issue, toner build up, leaky toner cartridge, worn out drum, defective fuser
what is the laser printing process?
corona charges drum, laser neutralizes charges on drum, toner applied to drum, toner transferred to paper, toner fused, brush/blade cleans drum
what does “on demand” mean in cloud computing?
instantly access computing resources like storage, proccessing power, or applications
what is Secure Boot?
crosschecks software/firmware with trusted digital signature database that’re stored in UEFI
what does a dusty print indicate when using a laser printer?
issue with fuser
what is a Private virtualization network?
VM’s can communicate with other VM’s but not host or external network
what is a Bridged Adapter virtualization network?
VM’s connect directly to host’s network, they have their own public and private IP address
what is an External virtualization network?
VM’s can communicate with other VM’s, host, and external network
what is a NAT virtualization network?
VM’s share host’s public IP address, but have their own private IP address. Host acts as a router.
what is an Internal virtualization network?
VM’s can communicate with other VM’s and host but not with external network
what is Host-only virtualization network?
VM’s can communicate with the host, but not other VM’s or external network
what is a “thin” client?
a PC that relies on a central server for strorage and processing
what part combines 4 colors and what part apples a charge to paper to attract toner in laser printing?
transfer belt applies colors and transfers toner from drum to paper / transfer roller applies charge to paper
what do VLAN’s need in order to communicate with other VLAN’s?
a router
which cabling supports PoE?
twisted pair copper (cat 5, 6, etc) but not fiber or coaxial
does a “test print” on a printer need network connectivity?
no
what frequency does zigbee and z-wave use? Which is proprietary and which is open source?
zigbee uses 2.4 Hz and is open source. Z-wave is 800-900 MHz and is proprietary
can a faulty power supply still apply power to some components?
yes
what does F8, F11 and F12 do?
F8 - troubleshooting, safe mode / F11 - recovery reset, repair / F12 - boot device menu
what is Asynchronous Transfer Mode, or ATM?
network protocol that provides high-speed connection between devices on a WAN
what is MicroSoft Remote Assistance, or MSRA?
Windows troubleshooting tool, temporary, OTP
