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PDHPE > CORE 1 > Flashcards

CORE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Epidemiology?

A

the study of rates and patterns of illness, disease and injury amongst specific population groups.

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2
Q

Purposes of epidemiology?

A

monitor major causes of sickness/death, identify priority population groups, evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and treatment.

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3
Q

Who uses epidemiology?

A

researchers, health department officials, government, health practitioners

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4
Q

measures of epidemiology

A

mortality, infant mortality, morbidity, life expectancy

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5
Q

Mortality

A

number of deaths for a given cause in a population over a set period

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6
Q

Morbidity

A

patterns of illness, disease and injury that do not result in death

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7
Q

Infant mortality

A

number of deaths in the first year of life

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8
Q

Life expectancy

A

average number of years a person can expect to live at any given age

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9
Q

limitations of epidemiology

A

can be manipulated, focuses on negative aspects of health, does not focus on the quality of life, little data on impact of disease, does not say why health inequities persist

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10
Q

what are priority population groups

A

groups that do not achieve the same health outcomes in any area as the rest of the population (e.g. ATSI)

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11
Q

social justice principles

A

Equity, diversity, supportive environments

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12
Q

Potential for prevention and early intervention

A

prevention = ability to avoid the condition from occurring

early intervention = greater success of treatment if condition is identified early

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13
Q

Prevalence of a condition

A

the number of cases in the population at a given time

higher prevalence = higher priority

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14
Q

Costs to individual and community

A

money, time, mental health, independence, time off work

example: cancer is a high-cost disease, where arthritis is not

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15
Q

healthy ageing

A

the process that involves various behaviours and choices that affect health. the goal of healthy ageing is to maintain health into old age allowing contribution to workforce and society for longer

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16
Q

availability of carers and volunteers

A

a carer is someone who provides assistance in a formal paid it informal unpaid role. most informal carers are family and charities

17
Q

demand for health services and workforce shortages

A

concern ageing population will place an unsustainable strain on the health system. there is a need for increased training in aged care and chronic diseases/disability.

18
Q

range and types of health facilities and services

A

Institutional = Hospitals (Public + Private), Nursing homes

Non-Institutional = GP’s, Allied health (physio, chiro), Dentists, Pharmaceuticals

19
Q

equity of access to health services and facilities

A

Australian population distribution makes equity of access difficult (metropolitan areas and rural areas).

Medicare and PBS based on SJP aim to provide equity

20
Q

Impact of emerging new technologies on health care

A
  • benefits to health outcomes and improve early detection and prevention e.g keyhole surgery, MRI’s, ultrasound. This improves the quality of life and increases life expectancy.
  • negatives include increase expenses and not all Australians willing to pay/afford
21
Q

health care expenditure versus expenditure on early intervention and prevention

A

early intervention and prevention can help reduce health care costs.
Major prevention strategies include good hygiene, sanitation, clean water.
Early intervention strategies include cancer screening programs (breast, prostate, skin)

22
Q

Health insurance: Medicare and Private

A

MEDICARE = funded through the tax system and provides free hospital care and free or subsidised treatment by GP’s or specialists.

PRIVATE = no need to pay medicare levy, provides greater choice in doctors/hospitals, covers some ancillary costs, faster access to elective surgery.

23
Q

complementary and alternative health services/products

A

Complementary health services/products are used in conjunction with conventional western medicine. e.g. yoga with cancer treatment

Alternative health services/products are used instead of conventional western medicine e.g. herbal medicine

24
Q

Reasons for growth of complementary and alternative health services/products

A

promotion of holistic view of health, increased credibility, PHI fund cover, growing multiculturalism in AUS

25
Q

How to make informed consumer choices

A

find out health benefits, side effects, qualifications, training, cost, length of treatment, academic evidence of effectiveness.

26
Q

Benefits of partnerships in health promotion e.g. Gov sector, Non-Gov agencies, local community

A
  • addresses needs of individuals and communities
  • more comprehensive health promotion
  • better results in goals
  • empowers individuals to act
27
Q

Level of responsibility for health promotion

A

INDIVIDUALS = develop personal skills in relation to health and creating supportive environments

COMMUNITY = strengthening community action to help create supportive environments for individuals

GOV = building healthy public policy, re-orienting health services and creating supportive environments

28
Q

DEVELOPING PERSONAL SKILLS

A

individuals recognising poor health and being able to learn new skills to and abilities to promote positive health behaviour changes.

29
Q

CREATING SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS

A

focusing on increasing people’s abilities in work, homes and community settings to make health-promoting choices.

30
Q

STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY ACTION

A

focuses on the empowerment of communities and people within the community to be able to identify and implement actions to address health.

31
Q

REORIENTING HEALTH SERVICES

A

delivery of health services, wellbeing, promoting health, promotion and support.

32
Q

BUILDING HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY

A

focuses on decisions by the government that work towards health improvements.

33
Q

health promotion based on the OTTAWA charter promotes social justice

A
  • aims to reduces inequities in health status
  • aims to ensure equal opportunities and resources for health
  • enable people to achieve the best health due to supportive environments, access to information and life skills and opportunities for making healthy choices

PDHPE (4 decks)

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