Corals and Sponges(All)

Question 1

Guidelines for Coral Restoration (1)

Answer 1

Understand the individual species ecology (reproduction, dispersal, recruitment, survival)

Question 2

Guidelines for Coral Restoration (2)

Answer 2

Understand hydrological patters that control propagule and larval dispersal (waves and currents)

Question 3

Guidelines for Coral Restoration (3)

Answer 3

Asses human modification that may prevent natural colonization

Question 4

Guidelines for Coral Restoration (4)

Answer 4

Select the best restoration site (using steps 1-3). This step also should engage community.

Question 5

Guidelines for Coral Restoration (5)

Answer 5

Design the restoration site to recreate appropriate hydrology and natural recruitment

Question 6

Guidelines for Coral Restoration (6)

Answer 6

Use active restoration if rapid coral cover is required.

Question 7

One example of active vs passive restoration

Answer 7

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.13465

Question 8

Corals of opportunity

Answer 8

Fragments which have been detached by disturbances and have little chance of surviving without intervention

Question 9

Autogenic engineers

Answer 9

Modify environment by modifying their own biology; ex: corals and seagrasses can physically limit space for other species

Question 10

Allogenic engineers

Answer 10

Can modify biophysical properties (rock eaters?)

Question 11

Reaction norm

Answer 11

Phenotypic expression of a single gene across different environments

Question 12

Allele effect

Answer 12

Losing the possibility to recover due to connectivity and reproduction

Question 13

Cladocora caespitosa

Answer 13

The tubey species we restored? Distributed around Mediterranean. Can be used as bioindicators.

Question 14

Considerations in a donor site

Answer 14

1) Characterize wild populations
2) Number of available sites
3) Proximity to transplate site
4) Permitting

Question 15

Limiting factors for reefs

Answer 15

Temperature
Light conditions
Salinity
Wave Action
Sedimentation

Question 16

Symbiodinium

Answer 16

Zooxanthellae in corals

Question 17

Ecological functions of corals

Answer 17

Foundation species
Habitat forming species
Structural engineers

Question 18

What is the difference between facultative associate and obligate associate?

Answer 18

Obligate: Uses coral for survival
Facultative: Benefits from coral but can survive without it

Question 19

Which should be used for restoration? Branching or Massive?

Answer 19

Branching! They are faster growing, which helps with time, funding and permitting

Question 20

Coral transplating methods

Answer 20

Already broken fragments (corals of opportunity)
Fragments from reef
Coral nursery

Question 21

Types of Coral Nurseries

Answer 21

Floating line
Fixed-to-Bottom (A-frame or Blocks)

Question 22

Monitoring involves

Answer 22

Removing fouling and predators
Active propogation
Stabilization and repair
Isolation/pruning/banding

Question 23

Chimerism

Answer 23

Fusion of two individuals from the same species; co-habitation of more than one genotype.

Question 24

What are the 4 systems for sponge restoration

Answer 24

Mounted
Rope
Mesh
In-vitro