Corals and Sponges(All) Flashcards
Guidelines for Coral Restoration (1)
Understand the individual species ecology (reproduction, dispersal, recruitment, survival)
Guidelines for Coral Restoration (2)
Understand hydrological patters that control propagule and larval dispersal (waves and currents)
Guidelines for Coral Restoration (3)
Asses human modification that may prevent natural colonization
Guidelines for Coral Restoration (4)
Select the best restoration site (using steps 1-3). This step also should engage community.
Guidelines for Coral Restoration (5)
Design the restoration site to recreate appropriate hydrology and natural recruitment
Guidelines for Coral Restoration (6)
Use active restoration if rapid coral cover is required.
One example of active vs passive restoration
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.13465
Corals of opportunity
Fragments which have been detached by disturbances and have little chance of surviving without intervention
Autogenic engineers
Modify environment by modifying their own biology; ex: corals and seagrasses can physically limit space for other species
Allogenic engineers
Can modify biophysical properties (rock eaters?)
Reaction norm
Phenotypic expression of a single gene across different environments
Allele effect
Losing the possibility to recover due to connectivity and reproduction
Cladocora caespitosa
The tubey species we restored? Distributed around Mediterranean. Can be used as bioindicators.
Considerations in a donor site
1) Characterize wild populations
2) Number of available sites
3) Proximity to transplate site
4) Permitting
Limiting factors for reefs
Temperature
Light conditions
Salinity
Wave Action
Sedimentation
Symbiodinium
Zooxanthellae in corals
Ecological functions of corals
Foundation species
Habitat forming species
Structural engineers
What is the difference between facultative associate and obligate associate?
Obligate: Uses coral for survival
Facultative: Benefits from coral but can survive without it
Which should be used for restoration? Branching or Massive?
Branching! They are faster growing, which helps with time, funding and permitting
Coral transplating methods
Already broken fragments (corals of opportunity)
Fragments from reef
Coral nursery
Types of Coral Nurseries
Floating line
Fixed-to-Bottom (A-frame or Blocks)
Monitoring involves
Removing fouling and predators
Active propogation
Stabilization and repair
Isolation/pruning/banding
Chimerism
Fusion of two individuals from the same species; co-habitation of more than one genotype.
What are the 4 systems for sponge restoration
Mounted
Rope
Mesh
In-vitro
