coral reproduction Flashcards
1
Q
What is the difference between modular and unitary organisms?
A
- Modular organisms: Repeated multicellular sub-units (modules) that are partially self-maintaining. Examples include corals.
- Unitary organisms: Have a definite body plan and start from one cell. Examples include humans.
2
Q
What are the types of asexual reproduction in corals?
A
- Fragmentation: Pieces of coral break off and form new individuals.
- Polyp bail out: Corals detach polyps in response to acute stress, and they may settle elsewhere.
- Asexual budding (Phoenix effect): Buds grow skeletons and tissue retracts, emerging later as new polyps, contributing to rapid recovery.
3
Q
What are the common sexual systems in corals?
A
- Hermaphroditic: Polyps function as both male and female.
- Gynochoric (dioecious): Male and female polyps are found on different colonies.
4
Q
What are the two main reproductive modes in corals?
A
- Broadcasting: External fertilization and embryo development (most common).
- Brooding: Internal fertilization and embryo development.
5
Q
What is coral spawning synchrony and why is it important?
A
- Many coral species spawn during a single annual gametogenic cycle.
- Spawning synchrony within a population is critical for successful fertilization.
- Spawning often happens around the same time and at night.
6
Q
What factors control the timing of coral spawning?
A
- Seasonal: Sea temperature, insolation, and photoperiod (peaks in spring).
- Night of spawning: Lunar cycle and moonlight can influence timing.
- Time of spawning: Light cycle, usually at night or early morning.
7
Q
What factors affect coral dispersal and recruitment?
A
- Ocean currents: Influence larval movement.
- Competency periods: Time when larvae can settle and survive.
- Larval settlement cues: Signals that influence where larvae settle.
- Early post-settlement mortality: The survival rate of larvae after settlement.
